eGemini
人们说,双子座的人带有强烈的疏离感和多变性,让人永远无法理解他/她的内心世界。
Sunday, May 13, 2012
[转] 威尼斯和新加坡相似之处 Venice and Singapore: A Study in Parallels
杨荣文/ George Yeo
编按:网路杂志“全球主义者”(The Globalist)最近在同作者的谈话中,问及历史上的海上共和国威尼斯对今天的新加坡有什么特殊意义。作者表示曾于1988年对此发表演讲,杂志因此摘刊了演讲的要点。
新加坡的面积很小。瑞士人认为他们的国家很小,但那些来过新加坡的发现相比之下,瑞士其实是很大的。我们的土地很少,也没有多少领空,即使是领海也有他人宣示主权。我们被迫得非常小心地计划和组织。
在新加坡生活并不容易。事实是我们必须比他人更努力才能求存。但艰苦会让我们成功还是失败?我们在过程中会变得更坚强或脆弱?汤因比(Arnold.J.Toynbee)的巨著《历史研究》告诉我们,文明不是在顺境而是在逆境中孕育的。刺激越大,反应也越强烈。
新加坡会继续成功吗?如果我们出现分裂;我们的领导人是软弱的;我们对自身的关键利益没有清楚的认识;也没有决心主宰自己的命运,那我们将会失败。
历史上有没有小国家存在相当长时间的例子?一个我们可以从中得到安慰的例子?一个可以仿效的榜样?
的确有这样的例子,而且是个绝佳的例子。它也使用狮子为象征,即象征传道者圣马可(St Mark)的带翼狮子。威尼斯——或它自己所称的“最安宁的共和国”——存在超过1000年。
期间又称“地中海女王”的它,大多数时候都蓬勃发展。威尼斯商人的生意头脑、勤奋和诚实,闻名欧洲与亚洲。
马可波罗的事迹至今还为人津津乐道。从莎士比亚的剧作《奥赛罗》(Othello)和《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant Of Venice),我们可以看到威尼斯在法律、政府、艺术及文化上所取得的骄人成就。在拿破仑于1797年到来前,从来没有人能够成功入侵威尼斯。威尼斯从来没有被占领或蹂躏。
由一些小岛组成——比今天的新加坡还小——位于浅湖及人口从未超过数十万的威尼斯,怎么能够留下这么辉煌的历史呢?究竟是什么原因让一些人决定从欧洲大陆过海到这些多沼泽、不太适宜居住的岛屿落户?
就像我们来自中国和印度的先辈,早期的威尼斯人离开欧洲大陆,是因为那里的情况已经不可忍受。那是欧洲的黑暗时代,西罗马帝国正瓦解,浪潮般的野蛮人席卷欧洲大陆,所到之处奸淫掳掠及残杀破坏。这些离开陆地至少2-3英里(3.2-4.8公里)的岛屿提供了避难所,可以避开残暴的西歌特人阿拉力克(Alaric the Goth)或匈奴王阿提拉(Attila the Hun)。
在苦难的压力下,威尼斯建立了它的防卫力量、经济和机构。新加坡同它的相似之处值得注意——我们也应该从它的经历吸取教训。
威尼斯的防卫是建立在海军力量上。它有个具有许多修船厂和工厂的大规模设施,让兵工厂(arsenal)这个阿拉伯字成为英文词汇的一部分。在鼎盛时期,兵工厂有超过1万6000名工人,能够每数小时制造一艘设备齐全的战舰。
这样的军事力量首先用来保卫威尼斯,其次用来为其商人打开航道、贸易渠道和市场。威尼斯参与十字军东征从来不是为了什么理想,而是为了维护其经济利益。
这是明智的外交政策,目的是永远不要在没有必要的情况下,卷入欧洲大陆邻国的政治和冲突。威尼斯的有力竞争对手热那亚(Genoa)就缺乏这样的智慧。它陷入北意大利的战争,并因此失去独立的地位。
威尼斯把其岛国性质变成优势,一直对是它生命线的贸易保持警惕。它建立了以宪法原则、法治及商人的集体利益为基础的行政制度。
慢慢的,当入侵的敌人每一次都被击退;当每一次危机都安然渡过后,威尼斯建立了能够凝聚其散布各地的国人那种众所周知威尼斯精神。公共服务的传统,提供了它所需要的有效治理国家的人才。
但威尼斯从不觉得自己是无懈可击的,也不把成功当成理所当然。这种不安全的感觉一直激励着它,让它永不松懈,它的人民团结一致,机构也保持活力。
威尼斯的成就对我们新加坡人是个启示——一个渺小的共和国克服了面积的限制,建立了不是依赖扩大领土,而是依靠国防、外交及自由贸易的经济帝国。
我们虽然是个小国家,想法却不能被局限。就像威尼斯的商人,我们必须兼具民族主义和环球精神。我们也要有狮子般的活力。
(作者是新加坡前外交部长。叶琦保译。) 《联合早报网》
Venice and Singapore: A Study in Parallels
http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=9609
“George Yeo, until recently Singapore's foreign minister, is a man given to thinking in profound historic terms. In a recent conversation, we asked him about the relevance of Venice's maritime republic to today's Singapore. To our surprise, he pulled out a speech from 1988, when he was Director of Joint Planning and Operation for the Singapore Armed Forces, in which he addressed that very topic. What follows is a condensed version of that speech.”
Singapore is geographically very small. The Swiss think they are small, but those who come to Singapore realize how big Switzerland really is by comparison. We have very little land, we don't have much air space, and even the seas are claimed by others. We are forced to plan and organize very carefully.
Life in Singapore is not easy. The truth is we have to work much harder than others to survive. But will hardship make us or break us? Are we strengthened or weakened in the process? Arnold J. Toynbee, in his massive Study of History, tells us that civilization is conceived not in ease, but in hardship. The greater the stimulus, the greater is the response.
Will we continue to succeed? We will fail if we are a house divided, if our leadership is weak, if we do not have a clear sense of what our essential interests are, and if we do not have the resolve to be the master of our own destiny?
Is there any example in history, then, of a small nation-state surviving any reasonable length of time? An example for us to take comfort in? A model to follow? There is such an example — and a brilliant one. It, too, had the lion as a symbol, the winged lion of the evangelist St. Mark. Venice — or the Most Serene Republic, as she called herself — lasted over a thousand years.
For much of this period, Venice flourished as the mistress of the Mediterranean. Her merchants were well-known throughout Europe and Asia for their business acumen, their industry and their sense of honor.
The exploits of Marco Polo are still familiar to us. In "Othello" and "The Merchant of Venice," Shakespeare provides a picture of the heights Venice reached in the development of law, government, art and culture. Until Napoleon arrived in 1797, Venice was never successfully invaded. She was never occupied, never ravaged.
Refuge from the mainland
How did a collection of small islands — much smaller than present-day Singapore — in a shallow lagoon, with a population never exceeding a few hundred thousand, come to leave such a mark on history? Why did sane men from the European mainland decide in the first place to cross the water to settle on these swampy, inhospitable and unpromising islands?
Like our forefathers from China and India, the first Venetians left the mainland because conditions there were intolerable. Those were dark days in Europe, when the Western Roman Empire was disintegrating, when successive waves of barbarians swept across the mainland, raping and pillaging, wreaking death and destruction wherever they went. Better the safety of these islands separated from the mainland by at least two to three miles of water than face the wrath of Alaric the Goth or Attila the Hun.
Under the pressure of hardship, Venice built up her defenses, her economy and her institutions. The similarities to Singapore are remarkable — and we do well to draw lessons from her experience.
The defense of Venice was founded on naval power. She had a mighty complex of naval dockyards and workshops which gave the Arabic word "arsenal" to the English language. At its peak, that arsenal had a workforce of over 16,000 with the capacity to launch fully equipped warships at the rate of one every few hours.
That military power was used, first, in the defense of the republic and, second, in opening up sea lanes, trading routes and markets for her merchants. Venetian participation in the Crusades were never borne of romance, but always motivated by economic advantage.
Hers was a wise foreign policy. Its goal was never to be involved unnecessarily in the politics and strife of her neighbors on the mainland. Genoa, a keen competitor to Venice, lacked that wisdom. Genoa entangled herself in the wars of northern Italy and lost her independence as a result.
Venice instead turned her insularity to advantage. Always sensitive to the requirements of trade, which was her lifeblood, the city-state established a system of administration founded on constitutional principles, the rule of law and the collective interests of her merchants.
Slowly but steadily, with each invasion successfully repelled, with each crisis successfully overcome, she developed in her people that famous Venetian spirit that bonded Venetians everywhere together. A tradition of public service supplied the men of ability she needed for effective governance.
But Venice never felt invulnerable. She never took her success for granted. It was this sense of insecurity that spurred her on, that kept her guard up, her citizens united and her institutions vital.
The achievement of Venice is an inspiration to us in Singapore — how a tiny republic can overcome the limitations of its size and build up an economic empire based not on territorial aggrandizement, but on defense, diplomacy and free trade.
Though our country may be small, our minds must never be. Like the merchants of Venice, we have to be both nationalistic and cosmopolitan at the same time. Our spirit, too, must be that of the lion.
Tuesday, April 24, 2012
[转] 郭振羽教授: 新加坡须以持续性政策 建“永续性”移民社会
● 潘星华/报道
新加坡从来都是个移民社会,从前是、现在是、将来也是。移民社会是新加坡的宿命。忘记移民历史将是整个社会和整个族群的“集体失忆”。
2011年两次选举,移民问题成为社会焦点后,政府迅速调整移民政策,政策调整得太快,类似“休克疗法”,可能令人产生“新加坡是否还欢迎外来人才和移民”的疑虑。
新加坡的移民政策和人口危机有关。生育率逐年不断下滑,到了2011年已经降到1.11,远低于理想人口替代率2.1,成为全世界生育率最低的国家之一。
郭教授指出,补充人口不足惟有两个途径:一是增“产”报国,二是引进移民,别无他途。增“产”方面,政府通过“亲婚”、“亲育”政策,鼓励人民增“产”。可惜成效不大,政府于是从90年代全力推动移民政策。他说,新加坡可能是全球移民政策最开放的国家,也是一个最受欢迎的移民国家之一。
这个最开放的移民政策,使新加坡人口飞速增加。从1990年的304万增加到2010年的507万,20年增加了200万。从2001年至2010年,10年内有13万人入籍成为公民,48万人成为永久居民。但人口增加得太快、太多,社会其他配套跟不上,引起房价高涨、交通阻塞、入学竞争激烈、医院设施不足,加深了新移民和本地人的矛盾。
新加坡华族社群从来都有分歧和矛盾。从早期方言群的械斗,50年代华校生和英校生在语言、文化和政治的分歧,到新世纪本土居民和新移民就身份认同、文化冲突、资源竞争、设施不足等引起的矛盾。郭教授指出,新加坡人应该接受身份认同不是“零和游戏”,不是简单的“你是”或“你不是”,而是可以有不同程度的、渐进式的认同,多元身份的认同
来源:http://www.zaobao.com.sg/fk/fk120423_007.shtml
Friday, February 03, 2012
[转贴] 给首相阿Jib哥公开信
************************************************
Echo 许慧珊致阿Jib哥
首相先生,你好。
我是两个孩子的母亲,我很喜欢古迹,曾到一些国家的古迹,如中国
我认为古迹能够吸引很多游客来我们的国家游玩,这对国家的经济有
我一直觉得古迹是不属于任何人,它属于世世代代在这个国家生活的
所以当我听说百年古迹苏丹街因为捷运的关系,可能被牺牲,我心非
我是否能把属于孩子们的事物好好留给他,可能不是我能够掌握的,
写这文字,我其实不知道是否能让你看见,但我必需写,因为一直有
我衷心希望你能看见我的心声,也做出相应的改变。
来源:
Wednesday, February 01, 2012
Chinglish 冲击传统英文?
来源:Chinglish 冲击传统英文?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
[转] 答问之间
Friday, December 16, 2011
那一年,我们一起上街示威去
2011年,美国《时代》周刊选择了一个群体——“示威者”(The Protester)为年度人物,这些群众从中东国家扩展到欧洲、美国,他们改变了全球政治格局,他们重塑了人民的力量,这股改变的浪潮,任何人都无法忽视。
回顾2011年的环球大事件,到处都能看到普通人的身影,今年各地的大喜大悲,似乎与你我等老百姓都有着千丝万缕的关联。
相对于欧洲基督教文明自文艺复兴后的发展,中东伊斯兰文明一直处于落后挨打的局面,政治上也无法建立本身的现代体制,走出寡头的家长式统治历史宿命。阿拉伯之春彻底改变了这一切。就此而言,2011年对于阿拉伯人民无疑有划时代的意义,对世界各地的人民也发挥了启示作用。
中东北非地区发生的“阿拉伯之春”运动始于去年岁末。
2010年12月,突尼西亚人民揭竿而起,在今年1月一举推翻铁腕统治该国23年的本阿里政权。
叙利亚人民1月开始举行反对政府的集会游行抗议,在当局暴力打压后愈演愈烈,至今方兴未艾。
突尼西亚的骨牌效应即刻扩散,统治埃及30年的穆巴拉克总统在2月被持续抗争的人民推翻;
同样在2月,利比亚东部发生民众起义,开始了一场血腥的内战,并以统治者卡达菲10月20日被起义军击毙告终。
3月,巴林民众的抗争被强邻沙地阿拉伯武装干预遭到镇压。
3月26日,伦敦举行了大规模的示威活动,超过25万人涌上街头,抗议政府大幅度裁减公共服务的支出。就算是经济发达的社会,越来越失衡的经济所导致的社会不公,也酝酿着民情骚动的不安现象。
在5月的全国大选中, 向来被视为政治冷漠的新加坡人民,也以自己的方式来表达心声。他们向执政党发出明确的信号。虽然人民行动党依然获得六成的选票蝉联执政,由甚有民望的资深外交部长杨荣文领军的阿裕尼集选区,却以45.29%的劣势败给在野的工人党,创下了执政党推行集选区制度以来的首个集选区败选纪录,论者皆以“政治分水岭”形容选举结果。
7月,2万多名马来西亚民众在首都吉隆坡市中心集会示威,要求进行选举制度改革。防暴警察释放了催泪瓦斯,1667人遭逮捕。
8月,伦敦爆发了罕见的流血暴乱。29岁的青年被警察开枪射死,引爆失业率高企的英国青年上街打砸抢烧,骚乱从伦敦蔓延到伯明翰、利物浦、诺丁汉和曼彻斯特等多个城市,仅伦敦一地,当局就出动了1万6000多名警察维持治安。
9月3日, 人口不到800万的以色列,爆发全国有史以来最大规模的抗议活动,参加人数高达45万,来自社会各阶层的民众抗议房价和生活费过高,要求降低住房价格、削减征税以及有更多免费教育的机会。
9月发生在美国纽约的“占领华尔街”行动, 乃是发达社会里最有代表性的人民运动运动刚开始被主流媒体轻视,却滴水成河,蔓延到美国各大城市。全球82个国家1000多个城市的人民,也自发组织大大小小的声援行动,成为了“民”在2011年高声呐喊的全球性统一象征标志。他们打出了“我们是99%”的口号,反映了广大人民对权贵精英贪婪无度,造成社会严重不公不义的愤怒。
本文摘录自联合早报文章:二零一一年度汉字投选。作者叶鹏飞。
Monday, December 12, 2011
[转] 怎样才算慢活?
Friday, October 28, 2011
Singapore's success: an observer's concerns
The following article was originally found on the Business Times, 25 Oct 2011.
I'VE been coming to Singapore for the last 48 years, which makes me feel ancient. Mind you, the first visit in 1963 was merely a one-day stopover on a ship back to the UK.
We berthed at what is now the container terminal and I bought my first transistor radio at what is now Raffles Place, from a small shop which was near Change Alley. We could not afford Robinsons on the other side of the park.
Immediately, I can hear young Singaporeans saying, 'Huh?'
Singapore has changed dramatically. I came to live here in 1979 and stayed until 1997. Since then, I have worked here on and off every year and have had the opportunity to see the place change and grow.
The modern Singapore is a success story. From a swampy island, beset with mosquitoes, whose only claim to success was its geographical location and its huge harbour, it has become one of the world's leading cities.
You all know the statistics, because you are brought up on them. Shipping, oil refining, transport hub, banking centre, high-tech R&D, regional centre in every way. Singapore is a success.
Yet this is fragile. The world is truly global economically and Singapore exists only because of economics. The current outlook for the global economy is scary, to say the least, so Singapore must take stock.
You have had the same governing party since independence and if I have learnt one thing from them, it is that the nation requires stability. Without it, you are lost. I'll avoid the arguments about democracy because I'd like you to let me in next time I come to Changi.
But the message is very clear - do not throw away what your forefathers fought so hard to establish.
The modern Singapore shocks - in the nicest sense. Our first home was in Upper Thomson, with kampongs on three sides. The night-soil tanker visited every morning and woke me up, to get to work in a non-aircon bus. Being an ang moh and not used to the weather, I used to leave wet marks under my shoes by the time we got to Ocean Building. Now you have the most modern of buildings, an advanced transport system (okay, it gets crowded, but the aircon works) and fairly full employment.
You are also known as a place of enjoyment for the well-heeled, and some of them now live here. You have casinos, Formula One racing, the best zoo in the world, arguably the world's best food and an amazing number of foreigners.
Which is where this starts to get serious. Singapore started and sustained itself through the incredible efforts of its people. The government was tough and restrictive, but for a good reason - to establish and prosper as a nation.
Discipline was key to this and I know - I had my hair cut in 1979, but I didn't really mind. I had the privilege of working with several of the 'Old Guard' and admired their ethic. Singapore prospered and built so much of its current infrastructure because of it.
The HDB estates are the best public housing in the world. Don't believe it? Try another country. Jurong has just gone unbelievable for its size. The CBD has to be close to the best in the world for businesses.
But there is a problem. Years ago, if a taxi driver even mentioned political dissent, we would both look around to see who was listening.
Today, I hear dissent from many Singaporeans. The last general election is testament to a growing sense of unease among the population. The haves and the have-nots are getting further apart and the discipline is fading.
There is much dissent about the apparent unchecked immigration from Asian sources, despite the agreed need for it on macro-economic grounds.
What worries me as a sympathetic observer is not the development and the immigration - I can only applaud it. It is the lack of knowledge and sensitivity of the younger generation of Singaporeans.
Singapore was fought for and won as a globally important nation by the mid-1980s. Its younger management have been born since then and display two general problems. The first is that 'it has always been like this, so it will continue' - an awful sense of birthright and complacency. The second is a lack of understanding of how the country was born in the first place.
Asians have a tradition of respect for their elders. Singaporeans are in danger of losing it. If you do so, you put your nation at risk.
Source:http://tinyurl.com/5slrpxl
The writer was a partner with Price Waterhouse Singapore for 18 years. He now runs his own consultancy in business communications in the UK. He spends several months a year with clients in Singapore. Email: david.mason466@btinternet.com
Copyright © 2010 Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. All rights reserved.