先将近期中国外交上的重要事件列举如下:
5月16日,国务院总理温家宝在会见美国商会代表团时,表示“人民币汇率改革属中国主权,不屈从外界压力”。
5月23日,国务院副总理吴仪紧急取消了原定与日本首相小泉的会谈。
5月30日,国家商务部部长薄熙来宣布我国从6月1日起对81项纺织品取消征收出口关税。
6月1日,中国常驻联合国代表王光亚明确表示,由“四国联盟”提出的要求增加安理会常任理事国的决议草案危害联合国改革进程,如四国执意将这一决议草案付诸表决,中国将投票反对。
6月21日,中国常驻联合国代表王光亚在第59届联合国大会发言时重申,中国反对人为的为安理会改革设定时限,如果强行表决尚有重大分歧的安理会改革方案,中国将坚定地投反对票。
在短短的一个多月时间内,中国对美国说不,对日本说不,对欧盟说不,对德日巴印四国联盟说不。一时间,国际媒体一片愕然 ,国内媒体以及网络社区则是一致热评,有网友甚至惊呼“中国人民已经从站起来、富起来进入到了硬起来的时代”!笔者也同大多数网友一样,对今日中国外交方面的强硬举措欢欣鼓舞,扬眉吐气。
在激动之余,不禁想起了网上流传的一道著名的微软面试题——海盗分金币。题目的大意是:
5个海盗抢得100枚金币后,讨论如何进行公正分配。他们商定的分配原则是:
(1)抽签确定各人的分配顺序号码(1,2,3,4,5);
(2)由抽到1号签的海盗提出分配方案,然后5人进行表决,如果方案得到超过半数的人同意,就按照他的方案进行分配,否则就将1号扔进大海喂鲨鱼;
(3)如果1号被扔进大海,则由2号提出分配方案,然后由剩余的4人进行表决,当且仅当超过半数的人同意时,才会按照他的提案进行分配,否则也将被扔入大海;
(4)依此类推。
这里假设每一个海盗都是绝顶聪明而理性,他们都能够进行严密的逻辑推理,并能很理智的判断自身的得失,即能够在保住性命的前提下得到最多的金币。同时还假设每一轮表决后的结果都能顺利得到执行,那么抽到1号的海盗应该提出怎样的分配方案才能使自己既不被扔进海里,又可以得到更多的金币呢?
此题公认的标准答案是:1号海盗分给3号1枚金币,4号或5号2枚金币,自己则独得97枚金币,即分配方案为(97,0,1,2,0)或(97,0,1,0,2)。现来看如下各人的理性分析:
首先从5号海盗开始,因为他是最安全的,没有被扔下大海的风险,因此他的策略也最为简单,即最好前面的人全都死光光,那么他就可以独得这100枚金币了。
接下来看4号,他的生存机会完全取决于前面还有人存活着,因为如果1号到3号的海盗全都喂了鲨鱼,那么在只剩4号与5号的情况下,不管4号提出怎样的分配方案,5号一定都会投反对票来让4号去喂鲨鱼,以独吞全部的金币。哪怕4号为了保命而讨好5号,提出(0,100)这样的方案让5号独占金币,但是5号还有可能觉得留着4号有危险,而投票反对以让其喂鲨鱼。因此理性的4号是不应该冒这样的风险,把存活的希望寄托在5号的随机选择上的,他惟有支持3号才能绝对保证自身的性命。
再来看3号,他经过上述的逻辑推理之后,就会提出(100,0,0)这样的分配方案,因为他知道4号哪怕一无所获,也还是会无条件的支持他而投赞成票的,那么再加上自己的1票就可以使他稳获这100金币了。
但是,2号也经过推理得知了3号的分配方案,那么他就会提出(98,0,1,1)的方案。因为这个方案相对于3号的分配方案,4号和5号至少可以获得1枚金币,理性的4号和5号自然会觉得此方案对他们来说更有利而支持2号,不希望2号出局而由3号来进行分配。这样,2号就可以屁颠屁颠的拿走98枚金币了。
不幸的是,1号海盗更不是省油的灯,经过一番推理之后也洞悉了2号的分配方案。他将采取的策略是放弃2号,而给3号1枚金币,同时给4号或5号2枚金币,即提出(97,0,1,2,0)或(97,0,1,0,2)的分配方案。由于1号的分配方案对于3号与4号或5号来说,相比2号的方案可以获得更多的利益,那么他们将会投票支持1号,再加上1号自身的1票,97枚金币就可轻松落入1号的腰包了。
看到这里,读者一定会问,这个海盗分金币的题目与中国说“不”有何关联呢?好,下面就切入正题。
海盗分金币模型的最终答案可能会出乎很多人的意料,因为从直觉来看,此模型中如此严酷的规定,若谁抽到1号真是天底下最不幸的人了。因为作为第一个提出方案的人,其存活的机会真是微乎其微,即使他一个金币也不要,都无私的分给其他4个人,那4个人也很可能因为觉得他的分配不公而反对他的方案,那他也就只有死路一条了。可是看起来处境最凶险的1号,却凭借着其超强的智慧和先发的优势,不但消除了喂鲨鱼的危险,而且最终还使自己的收益最大化,这不正像是当今国际社会国与国之间在政治、经济等领域相互博弈过程中,先发制人的智慧和优势的凸现吗?而5号表面上看起来是最安全的,可以坐山观虎斗,先让前面的海盗拼个你死我活而坐收渔翁之利,可实际上最后却不得不看别人的脸色行事,勉强分得一杯小羹,这不正是本想以静制动,后发制人而反得劣势的写照吗?看到这里,大家应当已经明白笔者所要表达的意思了,而很多事实也已证明,如果中国人总是处于5号位置,总是坐等着别人制定规则,那么就无法避免陷入“看人脸色”行事的不利处境。
1989年前后,面对当时特殊的国际环境,邓小平先生提出了“冷静观察,稳住阵脚,沉着应付,韬光养晦,有所作为”的方针,强调“决不当头”,之后中国就以一种中庸的姿态出现在国际舞台上。1989年9月16日,邓小平在会见李政道时说:“别国的事情,我们管不了”,从而道破其“韬光养晦”对国际事务做壁上观的玄机。笔者认为,“韬光养晦”的目的是着眼于国际竞争中的最后胜利,主张国家在经济和军事力量处于相对弱势时,收敛锋芒,保持克制,积累实力,不意气行事,甚至不惜以局部让步来谋求整体利益的最大化。其本质是为图强而忍辱,为进攻而防御,一旦功成,实力达就,破关而出,便可变退为进、转守反攻而致全胜。“韬光养晦”可以说是中国特定时期的特定外交策略。
在这一策略的引导下,中国以经济建设为中心,埋头发展自身经济,对外则近睦远和,努力营造有利于经济建设的外部环境,避免与别国发生直接正面的冲突与对抗。在过去的二十多年里,中国人小心翼翼地为自己成功营造了相对和平稳定的发展空间,并使中国成为全球发展最快的大型经济体,其GDP以年均超过8%的速度增长,成为世界第六大经济体和第二大外汇储备国。“韬光养晦”策略确保了中国经济的腾飞,大幅提升了国家在世界经济中的影响力。
但是,在另一方面,中国人有时却不得不承受将愤怒埋藏于心中的痛苦。1993年美国一手制造了“银河号”事件,1999年美国轰炸中国驻南大使馆,2001年美国侦察机冲撞中国军机;而另一个邻国则以参拜靖国神社、美化侵略史、宣称对钓鱼岛拥有主权等恶行一而再、再而三的挑战中国的忍耐极限。而通常情况下,中国虽然“很生气”,但所作反应的后果却不会“很严重”,最愤慨的也不过是表示“最强烈的抗议”。世人也已经习惯了作为五大常任理事国之一的中国,在面对国际重大突发事件上,总是以投弃权票而圆滑的平衡利益各方。
我们大家都明白“小洞不补,大洞尺五”的道理,在一些局部利益上暂时的退让与妥协是理智的,可若长此以往,谁又能保证这样的退让不会更加助长对方的气焰,而最终导致自己权利的丧失呢?在中国蓄练健韧之后,该是到了转换博弈策略的时侯了。这次,吴仪副总理因不满日本首相小泉决意参拜靖国神社的言论拂袖而去;中国政府面对美国强逼人民币升值的巨大压力,面临欧美对中国纺织品设限的威胁,没有一味退让妥协,而是依托现有国际规范,据理力争,尽最大努力维护国家利益;特别是针对日本“入常”问题上明确说“不”,一扫中国政府以往在联合国中动辄“弃权”的模糊形象,向世界明示了中国的态度,向国际社会展示出中国的外交魄力,也使得日本不得不被迫接受由中国人参与制定的“游戏规则”。此后日本等四国联盟成员表示新常任理事国的否决权问题,可以等到安理会扩大完成的15年后再予以解决便是明证。在国际格局向多极化趋势发展,世界政治和经济新秩序亟待重塑的大背景下,中国必须直面外交挑战,并积极的有所作为。正如我国外交部长李肇星在与日本外相会谈时所指出的,在历史问题、台湾问题和钓鱼岛问题上挑战中国的核心利益,是非常危险的。道理很简单,中国的综合国力早已今非昔比,任何势力来挑战中国的核心国家利益,都会付出代价。这也就难怪有网友会惊呼中国“硬起来”了,而这一切在让国人感觉痛快淋漓的同时,也表明了中国新一代领导人正力图以更积极的态度介入国际事务,把握外交主动权,发挥先发优势。这也预示着中国正在告别多年来“太极推手”式模棱两可、谦逊忍让的时代,而逐步进入了作风强硬,棱角分明,态度明朗,昂扬务实的后“韬光养晦”时代。
也许有人会担心,这样说不正是给某些不怀好意的国家散布“中国威胁论”找到借口吗?这让笔者又想起了一则笑话。说的是狼和狐狸遇见了一只山羊,就立刻指责其对自身安全构成了威胁,因为山羊长了角。后狼和狐狸又遇见了一只老虎,狼立刻提出双方建立“合作伙伴”乃至“战略伙伴”关系,而狐狸则声称要和老虎“世世代代友好下去”。中国必须习惯于与“中国威胁论”共生存,加大对地区事务和国际事务的参与力度,坚定地发出自己的声音,一个政治稳定、经济繁荣、社会和谐、军事强大的中国,将会是国际上许许多多国家愿意与之“世世代代友好”交往的国度。正如晨枫在《西线观察》里所谈到的,“中国的理想还不应仅仅是强国,而且应该更为远大。中国应该按照自己的世界观来示范和推动一个‘世界新秩序’——按照中国文化传统中的‘和而不同’的理想来对世界做出中国的贡献。”
让我们把话题再次回到海盗分金币模型上来。显然,海盗分金币的模型相对于现实来说,实在是太粗糙了,现实中的情况远要比它复杂千万倍。
首先,现实中肯定不可能人人都绝顶聪明并富有理性,海盗中只要3号、4号或5号中任何一人偏离此假设,1号就极有可能被抛入大海。因此,现实中的1号必须首先考虑他的兄弟们是否足够的聪明与理性,而断然不能顾自取走那97枚金币。
其次,在这一涉及个人重大利益的分配过程中,阴谋会像杂草一般疯长,而谎言与虚假承诺也就有了用武之地。假如,2号事先对3、4、5号海盗大放烟雾弹,称基于1号所提出的任何分配方案,他都会再多加1个金币给他们,那结果可能又会是另一番景象了。
再次,正如吴思先生在其所著的《血酬定律》一书中提到的,“所有规则的设立,说到底,都遵循一条根本规则:暴力最强者说了算。这是一条元规则,决定规则的规则”。在发生争执时,如果在肉体上消灭对方是最合算的,付出成本也是最低的话,那么当5个海盗中最强悍的那个将刀架在其余海盗脖子上,并大喝道“要命还是要金币”的时候,那么任何的争执都不难解决,任何的意见也就不难统一了。
当然,即使1号是那最强悍的海盗,其余4人也还是有可能组成一个反1号大联盟,并经过精心策划和充分准备而起来“造反”,合力将1号制服并扔进大海,再由这4人重新商定分配规则。
已经无需讨论更多的情况,相信大家已同意现实实在是太复杂的看法了。但是,海盗分金币的模型还是不乏有启示意义,即任何“分配者”想让自己的方案获得通过,其关键是在于事先要考虑清楚“挑战者”所可能会提出的分配方案,然后尽力拉拢“挑战者”分配方案中最不得意的人,用最小的代价使自己的利益最大化,总之是离不开过人的智慧和高超的策略。
毋庸讳言,随着中国国力的不断增强,我们在发展过程中所遇到的阻力和挑战也将会不断升级,中国与某些国家在政治、经济等领域的摩擦也将进入短兵相接的“巷战”时代。因此,中国不仅要适时的说“不”,更需要以超强的智慧、更娴熟的外交手腕去处理各种纷繁复杂的国际事务。但不管怎么说,这次对日本的当头棒喝,至少要比以往多次“强烈抗议”参拜靖国神社更能让日本当局正视他们的历史和现状。中国近期在经济、外交上的一系列强硬政策所体现出的“软的更软,硬的更硬”的新策略,可以说既有日益强盛的国力作实质支撑,又有国际竞争的实际需要,并且符合当今中国的民意潮流。愿我们祖国更加强盛,让妥善解决领土争端、能出游钓鱼岛看日出的日子早点到来!
.朱春雷《联合早报网》
Thursday, June 30, 2005
《集体怯懦与集体狂暴》
我对两种事缺乏耐心,一是不可理喻的愚蠢,二是不可思议的怯懦。前几天和妻子在一起看一部好莱坞电影,电影很一般,没有更多可说的,只是里面有一个情节,一百多个好人被几个坏人赶去一个地方杀死,那些人知道等着他们的是什么,但都沉默地走着,似乎是在去开会。有一个戴头巾的老人,当身边的一个少年露出一点反抗的意图时,立即拦住他,用胳臂把少年保护起来,保护他去赴死。这些人的视死如归让我觉得不可思议,让我愤懑。那好像是他们知道上帝或男主角要来救他们,而其实他们并不知道。当然这是在电影里,但我们看电影,总得调动想像力,假装那是真实的,不然电影就看不下去;而且这些人的反应,我后面要说,确实也和现实中的一样。男主角拼命地往现场赶,在另一些镜头中,那些就要被杀死的人们仍旧不急不躁。在一些特写镜头里我看到他们的眼光,里面全是些个愤怒和谴责,这更让我愤懑,因为眼光杀不死人,没有一个坏人能让这种眼光瞪得后退,而这些人把自己的不满都表达在眼光里,手脚却一动不动。再后来男主角现身,把我给气坏了,因为我此时恨不得这些人全给干掉才好。我嘴里早就开始骂骂咧咧,我的妻子也失去了耐心,当然是对我的耐心,便用她的办法制止了我。在这里电影和真实发生的事情显示出不同的效果来,因为如果这些事是真的,我想我无论如何也不至于盼着他们给人杀死,不管他们有多怯懦,我又有多愤懑。但在看电影的时候,我真的很生他们的气。男主角的出现,引发了混乱,人们开始骚动,继而打斗起来。那个老人,变得十分勇敢,而且为了挡住一颗射向女主角的子弹,丢掉了性命。他的死让我略觉快意,为此我额外领受了一些来自妻子的责备。
类似的故事,在真实的世界里,常常发生。近年爱国的中国人爱挂在嘴边的一件事,是说几个日本兵可以赶得一个几百人的村子鸡飞狗跳,甚至可以把村民们集合起来枪毙。论者从这种事里得出了一些有关民族性的结论,那些结论或者深刻得超出我的理解能力,或者浮浅得超出我的理解能力。在我看来,这种事和民族性没什么关系,如果非得和什么性有关的话,那也只和人性有关。我相信,换了中国兵到了日本村庄,也一样可以做到这一点,一样可以吆吆喝喝地如入无人之境,而那些数量上占上风的人,只会射出"愤怒的目光",或者牢记什么仇什么的,如果还能活着记得的话。说到这里要插一句话:读者幸勿误会,以为我主张要去日本的村庄里杀人放火。熟悉我的朋友都知道,我是反战的人,绝不会有类似的主张。
在今天的山西省高平县西北,有一个地方过去叫“长平”。公元前260年,秦赵两国在这里大战。秦将是白起,赵将是纸上谈兵的赵括。结果赵军大败,四十万人投降。白起对这些降卒心存疑忌,便把他们尽皆“坑杀”,只留了两百四十个小孩子回赵国代他宣扬。以前我读到这段历史,总是难以想像白起是怎么做到的。白起在此之前,曾沉杀赵卒两万人,可能有了一些经验,但我仍然觉得不可思议。现在我多少明白了一些,甚至认为白起坑杀四十万军人,可能比沉杀两万人还容易一些,如果他杀死两百个人,说不定还要麻烦一些,而如果要杀死一个人,肯定得费些手脚,才能做到。
我的一个熟人,曾经给我讲过她的一段经历。某一年她参加了一个去延安的旅游团,转到一个地方(当然不是在延安,而是在另一个地方),遇到了“劫匪”。所谓劫匪,就是两个半大小子,舞着小刀子,来向他们收钱。这是件大胆得有点奇怪的事,因为这群人共有三十多人,都是成年人;有力气到那处偏僻的地方去玩,健康也不会坏,而其中一位,在先被众人推举为“团长”的,只肚子上脂肪的厚度,就超过那小刀子的长度好几倍。但这位团长在讨价还价不成后,便不吭气了。三十多人乖乖地如数交钱,轮到我这位熟人时,一个小土匪看上了她挂在胸前的一个玩意儿,一个小动物的石像。那本来不值什么钱的,但小家伙喜欢上了,非要不可,而它对我这位熟人有着不同寻常的纪念意义,所以她不肯给。这时她的同伴都来劝她,或者在后面风言风语,认为她这样做,会给大家招祸的。小土匪讨不来,便动手来抢,争夺中把她的衣服撕了个大口子。我这个熟人恼羞成怒,“丧失理智”(这是我的评语,因为在这之前她和她的同伴都觉得自己是理智的),用皮包用力砸了一下对方的头。她的皮包里有几本书,很重,一下子把那个小匪徒打倒了,使他躺在地上哼哼。另一个小匪徒见状,一溜烟地跑得不见踪影;我的熟人说,如果他不跑,而是上来打她,多半没人帮他的忙。他一跑,旅游团忽然爆发出很大的愤怒,几十个人一起扑向睡在地上那个孩子,几乎把他打死。--我觉得这个故事挺典型,从先前的集体性怯懦,到后来的集体性狂暴,古往今来,大事小事,不知演出了多少遍。从群羊到暴民本只有那么一点距离,而暴民总是向无力反抗的人去显示自己的豪勇,以掩饰其怯懦,所以那个小孩子没有被这些人打死,真是很幸运。
并不只是生死关头,或动手动脚的事,才需要勇气。不过我不举更多的例子了。在前一个例子中,那两个小匪徒,居然对人性有如此深的了解,可以比得上大将白起。以他们的能力,要抢劫一两个人是很难的,一定要找一大堆人,才好下手,如果对方不是三十多人,而是三百多人,那就更妙,因为三百多人,较之三十多人,彼此间的张望,提防,算计,等待和幻想,一定也多上十倍。当然最好还是做大人物,有机会把更多的人集合起来,几百万,几千万,或者几亿人,那么无论他要对这些人做什么,都更好办了。
《联合早报网》
类似的故事,在真实的世界里,常常发生。近年爱国的中国人爱挂在嘴边的一件事,是说几个日本兵可以赶得一个几百人的村子鸡飞狗跳,甚至可以把村民们集合起来枪毙。论者从这种事里得出了一些有关民族性的结论,那些结论或者深刻得超出我的理解能力,或者浮浅得超出我的理解能力。在我看来,这种事和民族性没什么关系,如果非得和什么性有关的话,那也只和人性有关。我相信,换了中国兵到了日本村庄,也一样可以做到这一点,一样可以吆吆喝喝地如入无人之境,而那些数量上占上风的人,只会射出"愤怒的目光",或者牢记什么仇什么的,如果还能活着记得的话。说到这里要插一句话:读者幸勿误会,以为我主张要去日本的村庄里杀人放火。熟悉我的朋友都知道,我是反战的人,绝不会有类似的主张。
在今天的山西省高平县西北,有一个地方过去叫“长平”。公元前260年,秦赵两国在这里大战。秦将是白起,赵将是纸上谈兵的赵括。结果赵军大败,四十万人投降。白起对这些降卒心存疑忌,便把他们尽皆“坑杀”,只留了两百四十个小孩子回赵国代他宣扬。以前我读到这段历史,总是难以想像白起是怎么做到的。白起在此之前,曾沉杀赵卒两万人,可能有了一些经验,但我仍然觉得不可思议。现在我多少明白了一些,甚至认为白起坑杀四十万军人,可能比沉杀两万人还容易一些,如果他杀死两百个人,说不定还要麻烦一些,而如果要杀死一个人,肯定得费些手脚,才能做到。
我的一个熟人,曾经给我讲过她的一段经历。某一年她参加了一个去延安的旅游团,转到一个地方(当然不是在延安,而是在另一个地方),遇到了“劫匪”。所谓劫匪,就是两个半大小子,舞着小刀子,来向他们收钱。这是件大胆得有点奇怪的事,因为这群人共有三十多人,都是成年人;有力气到那处偏僻的地方去玩,健康也不会坏,而其中一位,在先被众人推举为“团长”的,只肚子上脂肪的厚度,就超过那小刀子的长度好几倍。但这位团长在讨价还价不成后,便不吭气了。三十多人乖乖地如数交钱,轮到我这位熟人时,一个小土匪看上了她挂在胸前的一个玩意儿,一个小动物的石像。那本来不值什么钱的,但小家伙喜欢上了,非要不可,而它对我这位熟人有着不同寻常的纪念意义,所以她不肯给。这时她的同伴都来劝她,或者在后面风言风语,认为她这样做,会给大家招祸的。小土匪讨不来,便动手来抢,争夺中把她的衣服撕了个大口子。我这个熟人恼羞成怒,“丧失理智”(这是我的评语,因为在这之前她和她的同伴都觉得自己是理智的),用皮包用力砸了一下对方的头。她的皮包里有几本书,很重,一下子把那个小匪徒打倒了,使他躺在地上哼哼。另一个小匪徒见状,一溜烟地跑得不见踪影;我的熟人说,如果他不跑,而是上来打她,多半没人帮他的忙。他一跑,旅游团忽然爆发出很大的愤怒,几十个人一起扑向睡在地上那个孩子,几乎把他打死。--我觉得这个故事挺典型,从先前的集体性怯懦,到后来的集体性狂暴,古往今来,大事小事,不知演出了多少遍。从群羊到暴民本只有那么一点距离,而暴民总是向无力反抗的人去显示自己的豪勇,以掩饰其怯懦,所以那个小孩子没有被这些人打死,真是很幸运。
并不只是生死关头,或动手动脚的事,才需要勇气。不过我不举更多的例子了。在前一个例子中,那两个小匪徒,居然对人性有如此深的了解,可以比得上大将白起。以他们的能力,要抢劫一两个人是很难的,一定要找一大堆人,才好下手,如果对方不是三十多人,而是三百多人,那就更妙,因为三百多人,较之三十多人,彼此间的张望,提防,算计,等待和幻想,一定也多上十倍。当然最好还是做大人物,有机会把更多的人集合起来,几百万,几千万,或者几亿人,那么无论他要对这些人做什么,都更好办了。
《联合早报网》
Tuesday, June 28, 2005
在“自身传统”中寻得一种“有机发展”
...在“自身传统”中寻得一种“有机发展”。任何的“急遽变化”必须在“自身传统”的生态环境中进行,而不是把“自身传统”摧毁,空中起新楼...
新加坡当年为求发展,激烈采取独尊英文的手段和策略,除了把华文赖以为生的社会环境这个养分连根拔起,任华文的成长茁壮自生自灭,当年的社会现实迫大部分人们不得不向英文俯首称臣(南洋华人对语文所采取的态度总是务实的),努力学习了解它,并把这种价值观根植在下一代中,这进一步加速了孕育华文成长的土地的贫瘠化,预示今日华文水平低落的必然局面。而华文传统的传承失去了语言为载体,也就无所附依。华文传统一点一滴的流失,也就无可避免。
罗素的洞见,似乎为今日的新加坡的某些现象,提供一些先见之明。迄今建国四十载的淡马锡,是乎走入了罗素预言中的第一种危险。
第一种危险是,他们可能会完全被西化,迄今为止他们所具有的民族特征全被磨灭(虽不中,亦不远),世界只不过是多增加了一个不知疲倦的(朝五晚九的工作方式,以更长时间换取所谓的高效率)、聪明的(却缺乏睿智,因无知而骄傲同样令人可笑)、产业化的、军事化的国家(军事化未免太过,高军备常年预算到也是个事实),这个国家正在折磨着这个不幸的星球(物质享受,高消费,而本身又没有天然资源,只好消耗贫穷国家的天然资源)。
括弧中的对比不一定全然反映出真实的新加坡,但在一定程度上,亦不言过其实。
当年的激烈手段好比把“自身传统”摧毁,空中起新楼。虽然今天看起来,空中新楼仍屹立不倒。如果客观现实,外在条件,岛民的心态,一切的一切,都没有改变的情况下,如何抵挡经济环球化所刮起的暴风,恐怕当年一手建立今日新加坡的开国功臣,心里亦没有谱。
岛民若仍想以“八旗子弟吃皇粮”的心态,抗拒改变的态度,排斥外来人才,故步自封,又不走出门外,坐以待毙似乎是最佳写照。以不变应完变,竟然成了一种讽刺。
在这个一日千里,日新月异,高速全球化的时代,改变才是顺应自然, 改变才是常态!
=============================================
罗素,1920
眼光敏锐、胸中有丘壑的人来到一个新的城市或国家,很快就可以看出隐藏在这个城市或国家表面下层的“骨骼”,像X光的照射。这种照射,反而是一辈子生活在其中的人往往看不见的,因为他身在其中。
罗素(1872-1970)在1920年到北大担任客座教授,一年后离开,隔年写成《中国问题》这本书。短短一年,面对一个古老而深邃、腐败又复杂的中国,48岁的罗素能看见多少中国“问题”呢?
他看见:“中国文化正在发生急遽的变化”,这种急遽的变化可以追溯到西方的军事优势。但是,在将来,促使中国发生激烈变化的,将是西方的“经济”强势。
后来的历史证明罗素说对了。
外来的影响带来急遽变化,中国可以如何应对?罗素提出建议:“假如中国人能自由地吸收我们文明中他们所需要的东西,而排斥那些他们觉得不好的东西,那么他们将能够在其自身传统中获得一种有机发展,并产生将我们的优点同他们自己的优点相结合起来的辉煌成就。”
东西揉合,或者取其精华、去其糟粕,是中国人自己说了一百多年的口号,但是罗素最幽微深刻的话,其实是这一句:在“自身传统”中寻得一种“有机发展”。任何的“急遽变化”必须在“自身传统”的生态环境中进行,而不是把“自身传统”摧毁,空中起新楼。
他已经排除了革命式的全盘否定传统。“有机发展”,指的是,接枝的花木品种必须和传统文化的主干体质相容相辅,才可能开花结果。强行植入就不是“有机”发展,他已经排除了激进的全盘西化或苏化。
曾批判对“进步”的崇拜
罗素在1922年有没有预见后来的发展呢?他不天真,在希望中国有足够的智慧选择“有机发展”的同时,他加了一个“但书”──中国能够在“自身传统”中“有机发展”“只有在避免了两种相反的危险以后才有可能”:
第一种危险是,他们可能会完全被西化,迄今为止他们所具有的民族特征全被磨灭,世界只不过是多增加了一个不知疲倦的、聪明的、产业化的、军事化的国家,这些国家正在折磨着这个不幸的星球。
第二种危险是,在抵抗外来侵略的过程中,他们也许会被逼到除了军备以外,在各方面都强烈排外的保守主义的道路上去。
说这话的罗素处在1922年的时空,距离“强烈排外的保守主义”开始建国的1949年还有27年,距离全面破坏文化传统的文化大革命还有44年;距离今天,有83年。
罗素对西方文明最大的批判就是西方在工业化后对“进步”的崇拜,以追求“进步”作为最高指导原则进行开发,结果是,强国的繁荣建立在弱国的痛苦上,经济的获得建立在地球资源的掠夺和彻底破坏上,把“进步”当作终极目的,而忽略了“进步”不一定带来生活的幸福。
各种机器带来了变化,但是这些变化并不等同于心灵的愉悦。西方文明对于理性和进取的过度崇拜,成为对地球的最大掠夺,对人类永续发展最大的祸害。
警告“竭泽而鱼”的危险
1922年的罗素,提醒中国不要步上西方国家的发展后尘,不要走上“竭泽而鱼”的进步死胡同。83年之后,我们所目睹、所参与、所热爱的中国,是一个什么样的中国呢?
它已经是一个巨型工地。制造业占它经济比重的54%,意思是说,全国皆工厂。高投入、高消耗、低产出、低效益的产业环境,使得罗素心目中的文化古国已经是仅次于美国的全球第二大能源消耗国。
在急遽的能源需求驱使之下,世界银行统计,大型水电工程的强行设置,已经造成1600万人的流离失所,其中1000万人被迫生活在极度的贫困中。
它已经加入了骄傲的文明“掠夺者”的行列。英文《经融日报》今年2月19日的报道:每个月都有大约20艘货柜巨轮从印尼驶往中国,满载木材,从原始森林违法砍下,送到中国成为新兴中产阶级家里的木质地板。
1997年中国进口100万立方米的木材,2002年进口数字已经是1600万立方米,而且每年急速增加。联合国的专家说,亚太区原来覆盖极广的珍贵原始森林仅剩5%,大多集中在印尼,但是在中国巨大的需求下,这最后的5%也难幸存了。
这个“和平崛起”的中国,已经变成一个“不知疲倦的、聪明的、产业化的、军事化的国家”,热切崇拜着进步和发展。
你不能不被罗素的眼光折服。
● 龙应台
作者是台湾作家、香港城市大学客座教授
新加坡当年为求发展,激烈采取独尊英文的手段和策略,除了把华文赖以为生的社会环境这个养分连根拔起,任华文的成长茁壮自生自灭,当年的社会现实迫大部分人们不得不向英文俯首称臣(南洋华人对语文所采取的态度总是务实的),努力学习了解它,并把这种价值观根植在下一代中,这进一步加速了孕育华文成长的土地的贫瘠化,预示今日华文水平低落的必然局面。而华文传统的传承失去了语言为载体,也就无所附依。华文传统一点一滴的流失,也就无可避免。
罗素的洞见,似乎为今日的新加坡的某些现象,提供一些先见之明。迄今建国四十载的淡马锡,是乎走入了罗素预言中的第一种危险。
第一种危险是,他们可能会完全被西化,迄今为止他们所具有的民族特征全被磨灭(虽不中,亦不远),世界只不过是多增加了一个不知疲倦的(朝五晚九的工作方式,以更长时间换取所谓的高效率)、聪明的(却缺乏睿智,因无知而骄傲同样令人可笑)、产业化的、军事化的国家(军事化未免太过,高军备常年预算到也是个事实),这个国家正在折磨着这个不幸的星球(物质享受,高消费,而本身又没有天然资源,只好消耗贫穷国家的天然资源)。
括弧中的对比不一定全然反映出真实的新加坡,但在一定程度上,亦不言过其实。
当年的激烈手段好比把“自身传统”摧毁,空中起新楼。虽然今天看起来,空中新楼仍屹立不倒。如果客观现实,外在条件,岛民的心态,一切的一切,都没有改变的情况下,如何抵挡经济环球化所刮起的暴风,恐怕当年一手建立今日新加坡的开国功臣,心里亦没有谱。
岛民若仍想以“八旗子弟吃皇粮”的心态,抗拒改变的态度,排斥外来人才,故步自封,又不走出门外,坐以待毙似乎是最佳写照。以不变应完变,竟然成了一种讽刺。
在这个一日千里,日新月异,高速全球化的时代,改变才是顺应自然, 改变才是常态!
=============================================
罗素,1920
眼光敏锐、胸中有丘壑的人来到一个新的城市或国家,很快就可以看出隐藏在这个城市或国家表面下层的“骨骼”,像X光的照射。这种照射,反而是一辈子生活在其中的人往往看不见的,因为他身在其中。
罗素(1872-1970)在1920年到北大担任客座教授,一年后离开,隔年写成《中国问题》这本书。短短一年,面对一个古老而深邃、腐败又复杂的中国,48岁的罗素能看见多少中国“问题”呢?
他看见:“中国文化正在发生急遽的变化”,这种急遽的变化可以追溯到西方的军事优势。但是,在将来,促使中国发生激烈变化的,将是西方的“经济”强势。
后来的历史证明罗素说对了。
外来的影响带来急遽变化,中国可以如何应对?罗素提出建议:“假如中国人能自由地吸收我们文明中他们所需要的东西,而排斥那些他们觉得不好的东西,那么他们将能够在其自身传统中获得一种有机发展,并产生将我们的优点同他们自己的优点相结合起来的辉煌成就。”
东西揉合,或者取其精华、去其糟粕,是中国人自己说了一百多年的口号,但是罗素最幽微深刻的话,其实是这一句:在“自身传统”中寻得一种“有机发展”。任何的“急遽变化”必须在“自身传统”的生态环境中进行,而不是把“自身传统”摧毁,空中起新楼。
他已经排除了革命式的全盘否定传统。“有机发展”,指的是,接枝的花木品种必须和传统文化的主干体质相容相辅,才可能开花结果。强行植入就不是“有机”发展,他已经排除了激进的全盘西化或苏化。
曾批判对“进步”的崇拜
罗素在1922年有没有预见后来的发展呢?他不天真,在希望中国有足够的智慧选择“有机发展”的同时,他加了一个“但书”──中国能够在“自身传统”中“有机发展”“只有在避免了两种相反的危险以后才有可能”:
第一种危险是,他们可能会完全被西化,迄今为止他们所具有的民族特征全被磨灭,世界只不过是多增加了一个不知疲倦的、聪明的、产业化的、军事化的国家,这些国家正在折磨着这个不幸的星球。
第二种危险是,在抵抗外来侵略的过程中,他们也许会被逼到除了军备以外,在各方面都强烈排外的保守主义的道路上去。
说这话的罗素处在1922年的时空,距离“强烈排外的保守主义”开始建国的1949年还有27年,距离全面破坏文化传统的文化大革命还有44年;距离今天,有83年。
罗素对西方文明最大的批判就是西方在工业化后对“进步”的崇拜,以追求“进步”作为最高指导原则进行开发,结果是,强国的繁荣建立在弱国的痛苦上,经济的获得建立在地球资源的掠夺和彻底破坏上,把“进步”当作终极目的,而忽略了“进步”不一定带来生活的幸福。
各种机器带来了变化,但是这些变化并不等同于心灵的愉悦。西方文明对于理性和进取的过度崇拜,成为对地球的最大掠夺,对人类永续发展最大的祸害。
警告“竭泽而鱼”的危险
1922年的罗素,提醒中国不要步上西方国家的发展后尘,不要走上“竭泽而鱼”的进步死胡同。83年之后,我们所目睹、所参与、所热爱的中国,是一个什么样的中国呢?
它已经是一个巨型工地。制造业占它经济比重的54%,意思是说,全国皆工厂。高投入、高消耗、低产出、低效益的产业环境,使得罗素心目中的文化古国已经是仅次于美国的全球第二大能源消耗国。
在急遽的能源需求驱使之下,世界银行统计,大型水电工程的强行设置,已经造成1600万人的流离失所,其中1000万人被迫生活在极度的贫困中。
它已经加入了骄傲的文明“掠夺者”的行列。英文《经融日报》今年2月19日的报道:每个月都有大约20艘货柜巨轮从印尼驶往中国,满载木材,从原始森林违法砍下,送到中国成为新兴中产阶级家里的木质地板。
1997年中国进口100万立方米的木材,2002年进口数字已经是1600万立方米,而且每年急速增加。联合国的专家说,亚太区原来覆盖极广的珍贵原始森林仅剩5%,大多集中在印尼,但是在中国巨大的需求下,这最后的5%也难幸存了。
这个“和平崛起”的中国,已经变成一个“不知疲倦的、聪明的、产业化的、军事化的国家”,热切崇拜着进步和发展。
你不能不被罗素的眼光折服。
● 龙应台
作者是台湾作家、香港城市大学客座教授
从上海机场想到秩序与效率
我是2003年9月来上海工作的,出机场站在等出租车的行列中,我对上海这座城市的第一印象是,重秩序、轻效率。近两年了,这个第一印象基本上没有什么改变。每一次出机场——不管是虹桥机场还是浦东机场,站在等出租车的行列中,我就想到“重秩序轻效率”这六个字。
上海的重秩序轻效率,不单单是表现在出机场等出租车的这一件事上,还表现在其他许多方面。但出机场的等出租车,无疑是反映上海这样一种城市特质的一个典型、一个缩影。还有,它最容易给人第一印象。
有些事,上海是既有秩序又有效率的。笔者定居美国多年,2002年回中国任教。到上海之前,在另一个城市有一年时间,直到离开的时候,我一直在办的身份证和驾照都没有办好。而到上海,办身份证只花了几天时间,办驾照更是只花了几个小时时间,完全是公事公办,用不着找关系开后门。但我要说,即使有许多这样好的例子,还是冲淡不了上海给我的第一印象。
有人做过实验,给一群小孩子每人一颗糖果,把他们分成两个小组,给每个小组一个大口小颈大肚的瓶子,让小孩子将各自手中的糖果放进去,看哪一个小组放得快一些。
实验中,一个小组的小孩蜂拥而上,把各自手中的糖果都一起倒入瓶口,结果是糖果都被卡在瓶颈,进不去瓶肚。另一个小组的小孩,很有秩序地一个一个来,结果糖果很快就进到瓶肚。这个实验印证了中国一句老话“欲速则不达”,经常被用来说明“秩序促进效率”。
论轻重要分时间空间
问题在于,秩序和效率两者之间,并不总是存在“秩序促进效率”的关系,有时候,也会出现“秩序拖累效率”的结果。在上面的实验中,如果改变实验条件,瓶颈不是小到每次只能通过一颗糖果,而是足够大,那么,不讲秩序的那组小孩就会赢得比赛。
再比如,瓶颈如果是每次可以通过三颗糖果,蜂拥而上的小组还是有可能被卡在瓶颈,但一个一个来的小组若还是坚持一个一个来的秩序,那么他们就牺牲了效率。这是说,本来可以两个两个来或三个三个来,效率就是一个一个来的两倍到三倍。
秩序与效率,谁轻谁重?要分时间空间。有的时候,有的地方,秩序为重;有的时候,有的地方,则效率为重。
笔者所在学校,被一条大马路穿过,两个校门和这条大马路,形成一个十字路口,有红绿灯,也有协管大妈。但红灯加上协管大妈的口哨和小红旗,对许多司机形同虚设。每天几次过两边校门,心里就感叹,秩序哪里去了?为什么没有警察,彻底整治几次?
出机场坐出租车要排队,而且经常是需要排队一个小时。笔者毕竟有许多机场没有去过,但在到过的其他机场都还没有类似的经历。有次从宁波回来,空中飞行不到半个小时,出机场等出租车却花费50分钟。
没有出租车吗?不是。候客的出租车也排着长长的队伍。最早有人给我解释,虹桥机场出租车的瓶颈是高架路入口,因为要缴费,通行速度很慢。后来高架路入口不收费了,但等出租车的时间还是依然。
世博来的时候怎么办
出机场等出租车要排队很长时间,这是很有秩序但很无效率,是件大事吗?说不上是一件很大的事。在笔者看来,排队难题是很容易解决的,那就是多点上车、多车道通车——牺牲一点点秩序换来高效率。毕竟在这件事上,秩序只是手段,效率才是目的。
虹桥机场的通道可能有硬件的约束,但这并不是一个可以被接受的解释,因为这个问题不是刚刚才出现的。浦东机场的道路等硬件设施应该是没有一点问题的,但也学了虹桥机场,要出站旅客排起长长的队伍等出租车。
半个小时飞行,等出租车要50分钟,大家会觉得好笑;美国飞来10多个小时等出租车几十分钟,大家会又累又气。一次两次,不计较了;十次八次,上海形象何存?到世博会时,由机场来的国内外客流量会更大,那个时候,让大家排两个小时等出租车?真不敢想像。
这样一件小事,却在这么长时间里得不到解决。许多人对我说,每年的市人大政协会议,都有代表和委员对此事有意见和提案。
可怕在于,这件事反映了上海这座中国最具现代化气质的大都市,调控系统的某根神经,麻痹了、瘫痪了。
● 傅红春
作者是上海师范大学商学院院长
上海的重秩序轻效率,不单单是表现在出机场等出租车的这一件事上,还表现在其他许多方面。但出机场的等出租车,无疑是反映上海这样一种城市特质的一个典型、一个缩影。还有,它最容易给人第一印象。
有些事,上海是既有秩序又有效率的。笔者定居美国多年,2002年回中国任教。到上海之前,在另一个城市有一年时间,直到离开的时候,我一直在办的身份证和驾照都没有办好。而到上海,办身份证只花了几天时间,办驾照更是只花了几个小时时间,完全是公事公办,用不着找关系开后门。但我要说,即使有许多这样好的例子,还是冲淡不了上海给我的第一印象。
有人做过实验,给一群小孩子每人一颗糖果,把他们分成两个小组,给每个小组一个大口小颈大肚的瓶子,让小孩子将各自手中的糖果放进去,看哪一个小组放得快一些。
实验中,一个小组的小孩蜂拥而上,把各自手中的糖果都一起倒入瓶口,结果是糖果都被卡在瓶颈,进不去瓶肚。另一个小组的小孩,很有秩序地一个一个来,结果糖果很快就进到瓶肚。这个实验印证了中国一句老话“欲速则不达”,经常被用来说明“秩序促进效率”。
论轻重要分时间空间
问题在于,秩序和效率两者之间,并不总是存在“秩序促进效率”的关系,有时候,也会出现“秩序拖累效率”的结果。在上面的实验中,如果改变实验条件,瓶颈不是小到每次只能通过一颗糖果,而是足够大,那么,不讲秩序的那组小孩就会赢得比赛。
再比如,瓶颈如果是每次可以通过三颗糖果,蜂拥而上的小组还是有可能被卡在瓶颈,但一个一个来的小组若还是坚持一个一个来的秩序,那么他们就牺牲了效率。这是说,本来可以两个两个来或三个三个来,效率就是一个一个来的两倍到三倍。
秩序与效率,谁轻谁重?要分时间空间。有的时候,有的地方,秩序为重;有的时候,有的地方,则效率为重。
笔者所在学校,被一条大马路穿过,两个校门和这条大马路,形成一个十字路口,有红绿灯,也有协管大妈。但红灯加上协管大妈的口哨和小红旗,对许多司机形同虚设。每天几次过两边校门,心里就感叹,秩序哪里去了?为什么没有警察,彻底整治几次?
出机场坐出租车要排队,而且经常是需要排队一个小时。笔者毕竟有许多机场没有去过,但在到过的其他机场都还没有类似的经历。有次从宁波回来,空中飞行不到半个小时,出机场等出租车却花费50分钟。
没有出租车吗?不是。候客的出租车也排着长长的队伍。最早有人给我解释,虹桥机场出租车的瓶颈是高架路入口,因为要缴费,通行速度很慢。后来高架路入口不收费了,但等出租车的时间还是依然。
世博来的时候怎么办
出机场等出租车要排队很长时间,这是很有秩序但很无效率,是件大事吗?说不上是一件很大的事。在笔者看来,排队难题是很容易解决的,那就是多点上车、多车道通车——牺牲一点点秩序换来高效率。毕竟在这件事上,秩序只是手段,效率才是目的。
虹桥机场的通道可能有硬件的约束,但这并不是一个可以被接受的解释,因为这个问题不是刚刚才出现的。浦东机场的道路等硬件设施应该是没有一点问题的,但也学了虹桥机场,要出站旅客排起长长的队伍等出租车。
半个小时飞行,等出租车要50分钟,大家会觉得好笑;美国飞来10多个小时等出租车几十分钟,大家会又累又气。一次两次,不计较了;十次八次,上海形象何存?到世博会时,由机场来的国内外客流量会更大,那个时候,让大家排两个小时等出租车?真不敢想像。
这样一件小事,却在这么长时间里得不到解决。许多人对我说,每年的市人大政协会议,都有代表和委员对此事有意见和提案。
可怕在于,这件事反映了上海这座中国最具现代化气质的大都市,调控系统的某根神经,麻痹了、瘫痪了。
● 傅红春
作者是上海师范大学商学院院长
Monday, June 27, 2005
Love Your Job, but never fall in love with your company
Love Your Job, but never fall in love with your company. An interesting speech delivered by a CEO of a premier IT company in India during an employee session with another IT company in India. He is incidentally, one of the top 50 influential people in Asia according the latest Asiaweek publication. He's also the new IT advisor to the Thai Prime Minister.
Extract of Mr. Narayana Murthy's Speech during Mentor Session:
LOVE YOUR JOB, BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY BCOZ U NEVER KNOW WHEN COMPANY STOPS LOVING YOU - Narayana Murthy
I know people who work 12 hours a day, six days week, or more. Some people do so because of a work emergency where the long hours are only temporary. Other people I know have put in these hours for years. I don't know if they are working all these hours, but I do know they are in the office this long. Others put in long office hours because they are addicted to the workplace.
Whatever the reason for putting in overtime, working long hours over the long term is harmful to the person and to the organization. There are things managers can do to change this for everyone's benefit. Being in the office long hours, over long periods of time, makes way for potential errors. My colleagues who are in the office long hours frequently make mistakes caused by fatigue. Correcting these mistakes requires their time as well as the time and energy of others. I have seen people work Tuesday through Friday to correct mistakes made after 5 PM on Monday.
Another problem is that people who are in the office long hours are not pleasant company. They often complain about other people (who aren't working as hard); they are irritable, or cranky, or even angry. Other people avoid them. Such behaviour poses problems, where work goes much better when people work together instead of avoiding one another. As Managers, there are things we can do to help people leave the office.
First and foremost is to set the example and go home ourselves. I work with a manager who chides people for working long hours. His words quickly lose their meaning when he sends these chiding group e-mails with a time-stamp of 2 AM, Sunday.
Second is to encourage people to put some balance in their lives. For instance, here is a guideline I find helpful:
1) Wake up, eat a good breakfast, and go to work.
2) Work hard and smart for eight or nine hours.
3) Go home.
4) Read the books/comics, watch a funny movie, dig in the dirt, play
with your kids, etc.
5) Eat well and sleep well.
This is called recreating. Doing steps 1, 3, 4, and 5 enable step 2.
Working regular hours and recreating daily are simple concepts. They are hard for some of us because that requires 'personal change'. They are possible since we all have the power to choose to do them. In considering the issue of overtime, I am reminded of my oldest son. When he was a toddler, if people were visiting the apartment, he would not fall asleep no matter how long the visit, and no matter what time of day it was. He would fight off sleep until the visitors left. It was as if he was afraid that he would miss something. Once our visitors' left, he would go to sleep. By this time, however, he was over tired and would scream through half the night with nightmares. He, my wife, and I, all paid the price for his fear of missing out.
Perhaps some people put in such long hours because they don't want to miss anything when they leave the office. The trouble with this is that events will never stop happening. That is life !! Things happen 24 hours a day. Allowing for little rest is not ultimately practical. So, take a nap. Things will happen while you're asleep, but you will have the energy to catch up when you wake. Hence "LOVE YOUR JOB BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY".
Extract of Mr. Narayana Murthy's Speech during Mentor Session:
LOVE YOUR JOB, BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY BCOZ U NEVER KNOW WHEN COMPANY STOPS LOVING YOU - Narayana Murthy
I know people who work 12 hours a day, six days week, or more. Some people do so because of a work emergency where the long hours are only temporary. Other people I know have put in these hours for years. I don't know if they are working all these hours, but I do know they are in the office this long. Others put in long office hours because they are addicted to the workplace.
Whatever the reason for putting in overtime, working long hours over the long term is harmful to the person and to the organization. There are things managers can do to change this for everyone's benefit. Being in the office long hours, over long periods of time, makes way for potential errors. My colleagues who are in the office long hours frequently make mistakes caused by fatigue. Correcting these mistakes requires their time as well as the time and energy of others. I have seen people work Tuesday through Friday to correct mistakes made after 5 PM on Monday.
Another problem is that people who are in the office long hours are not pleasant company. They often complain about other people (who aren't working as hard); they are irritable, or cranky, or even angry. Other people avoid them. Such behaviour poses problems, where work goes much better when people work together instead of avoiding one another. As Managers, there are things we can do to help people leave the office.
First and foremost is to set the example and go home ourselves. I work with a manager who chides people for working long hours. His words quickly lose their meaning when he sends these chiding group e-mails with a time-stamp of 2 AM, Sunday.
Second is to encourage people to put some balance in their lives. For instance, here is a guideline I find helpful:
1) Wake up, eat a good breakfast, and go to work.
2) Work hard and smart for eight or nine hours.
3) Go home.
4) Read the books/comics, watch a funny movie, dig in the dirt, play
with your kids, etc.
5) Eat well and sleep well.
This is called recreating. Doing steps 1, 3, 4, and 5 enable step 2.
Working regular hours and recreating daily are simple concepts. They are hard for some of us because that requires 'personal change'. They are possible since we all have the power to choose to do them. In considering the issue of overtime, I am reminded of my oldest son. When he was a toddler, if people were visiting the apartment, he would not fall asleep no matter how long the visit, and no matter what time of day it was. He would fight off sleep until the visitors left. It was as if he was afraid that he would miss something. Once our visitors' left, he would go to sleep. By this time, however, he was over tired and would scream through half the night with nightmares. He, my wife, and I, all paid the price for his fear of missing out.
Perhaps some people put in such long hours because they don't want to miss anything when they leave the office. The trouble with this is that events will never stop happening. That is life !! Things happen 24 hours a day. Allowing for little rest is not ultimately practical. So, take a nap. Things will happen while you're asleep, but you will have the energy to catch up when you wake. Hence "LOVE YOUR JOB BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY".
蔡琼莹:世上没有Superwoman
“永远不要单单以事业来衡量自己的成功;留一些空间和宁静给自己;去结婚、去交男朋友;不要对自己要求太高,这世界上没有Superwoman(超级女人)这回事。”
保持一份童质的爽直,对任何年龄的女人,都是一种珍贵而难得的性情,在莱佛士控股总裁蔡琼莹的身上,你就看得到这样的率性。
这个热爱事业也享受生活的商界女性,给都市里忙碌的事业女性的忠告是:“事业女性也应该是一个色彩缤纷的女人,要享受生活中任何一个开心的瞬间,做自己喜欢的事情;不要担心身边的人比自己更有能力,你处在一个有能力的群体中,才能更好的提升自己;也不要用性别作为事业生涯发展受到局限为借口;但在追求卓越的同时,不要对自己要求过于苛刻,要接受自己的不足。”
作为掌管遍布全球35家国际酒店和9000多员工的集团总裁,蔡琼莹说,她所面临的最大挑战是人员管理,业务已经分布十分广阔的国家地区中,所牵涉的多变性和复杂性——“你永远不知道明天会发生什么事情,也没有一个可以参照的例子,随机应变就成为非常重要的能力。”
胜科环境管理(SembCorp Environmental Management)总裁罗惠娇则认为,女性在家庭和企业中,许多时候都是在扮演“和事人”(peace maker)的角色,也许因为女性比较善于处理人与人之间的关系,在人员管理上较能发挥所长。
女性面对危机时,有时比男性更冷静沉着
此外,女性在面对危机的时候,有的时候比男性更为冷静和沉着,而她自己的事业生涯得以扩展,就来自于曾经成功化解一桩集团员工在印尼被扣留的事件。
她笑言,要想看一家机构是否较属于女性工作的环境,看看女厕就知道,多年前当她刚加入胜科工业的时候,那里是没有女厕的。
她给职业女性的建议是:“发掘自己的独特之处;少说多做;讲实话并掌握新的科技”。
和成千上万的职业女性一样,腾飞集团(Ascendas)总裁张雪倩,也总是面对如何平衡事业和家庭的问题。她的看法是,“你只能做你能够做的,而且也不需要感觉遗憾,比如说孩子总是见不到飞来飞去的母亲这样的事情”。
面对事业、家庭,还有社会服务工作的社理会西南区市长许连碹博士坦言,自己时常在“工作的时候想到孩子,在家里的时候又想到工作”的两面挣扎,但后来就开始接受“自己的不足和不完美”,“保持乐观并在做任何事情的时候尽力而为”,最重要的是,“即使多么忙碌也喜欢并欣赏自己在做的事情,相信任何一种付出都会是一种得到。”
在以男性为主导的新加坡商界,日前在浮尔顿酒店举行“The Women CEO Power Panel”算是别开生面,200多位来自商界和金融界的出席者几乎是全部都是女性。
它是由新加坡金融业女性协会(Financial Women's Association)主办的,协会会长及发起人、摩根士丹利执行董事陈淑珊说:“新加坡女性在总从业人数中所占的比例是55.5%,是亚洲最高的,比香港和日本的49%、台湾的46%还要高。女性管理人员的数目则在1991年至2001年的10年中增长了三倍。协会的目的是要为本地的女性提供一个交流和联系的场所和平台,协助她们建立联络网,也让年轻的女性有机会跟较年长的学习。”
● 谭蕾
保持一份童质的爽直,对任何年龄的女人,都是一种珍贵而难得的性情,在莱佛士控股总裁蔡琼莹的身上,你就看得到这样的率性。
这个热爱事业也享受生活的商界女性,给都市里忙碌的事业女性的忠告是:“事业女性也应该是一个色彩缤纷的女人,要享受生活中任何一个开心的瞬间,做自己喜欢的事情;不要担心身边的人比自己更有能力,你处在一个有能力的群体中,才能更好的提升自己;也不要用性别作为事业生涯发展受到局限为借口;但在追求卓越的同时,不要对自己要求过于苛刻,要接受自己的不足。”
作为掌管遍布全球35家国际酒店和9000多员工的集团总裁,蔡琼莹说,她所面临的最大挑战是人员管理,业务已经分布十分广阔的国家地区中,所牵涉的多变性和复杂性——“你永远不知道明天会发生什么事情,也没有一个可以参照的例子,随机应变就成为非常重要的能力。”
胜科环境管理(SembCorp Environmental Management)总裁罗惠娇则认为,女性在家庭和企业中,许多时候都是在扮演“和事人”(peace maker)的角色,也许因为女性比较善于处理人与人之间的关系,在人员管理上较能发挥所长。
女性面对危机时,有时比男性更冷静沉着
此外,女性在面对危机的时候,有的时候比男性更为冷静和沉着,而她自己的事业生涯得以扩展,就来自于曾经成功化解一桩集团员工在印尼被扣留的事件。
她笑言,要想看一家机构是否较属于女性工作的环境,看看女厕就知道,多年前当她刚加入胜科工业的时候,那里是没有女厕的。
她给职业女性的建议是:“发掘自己的独特之处;少说多做;讲实话并掌握新的科技”。
和成千上万的职业女性一样,腾飞集团(Ascendas)总裁张雪倩,也总是面对如何平衡事业和家庭的问题。她的看法是,“你只能做你能够做的,而且也不需要感觉遗憾,比如说孩子总是见不到飞来飞去的母亲这样的事情”。
面对事业、家庭,还有社会服务工作的社理会西南区市长许连碹博士坦言,自己时常在“工作的时候想到孩子,在家里的时候又想到工作”的两面挣扎,但后来就开始接受“自己的不足和不完美”,“保持乐观并在做任何事情的时候尽力而为”,最重要的是,“即使多么忙碌也喜欢并欣赏自己在做的事情,相信任何一种付出都会是一种得到。”
在以男性为主导的新加坡商界,日前在浮尔顿酒店举行“The Women CEO Power Panel”算是别开生面,200多位来自商界和金融界的出席者几乎是全部都是女性。
它是由新加坡金融业女性协会(Financial Women's Association)主办的,协会会长及发起人、摩根士丹利执行董事陈淑珊说:“新加坡女性在总从业人数中所占的比例是55.5%,是亚洲最高的,比香港和日本的49%、台湾的46%还要高。女性管理人员的数目则在1991年至2001年的10年中增长了三倍。协会的目的是要为本地的女性提供一个交流和联系的场所和平台,协助她们建立联络网,也让年轻的女性有机会跟较年长的学习。”
● 谭蕾
Sunday, June 26, 2005
我是爱情小孩
《蛋白质女孩》王文华:我是爱情小孩
王文华是谁?
有人称他为“流行文学高手”,有人直接称他为“《蛋白质女孩》的作者”。
的确,提起这位盛名横越台湾海峡两岸的台湾都会言情作家,不能不提《蛋白质女孩》。
两年前,王文华凭这部都会言情小说《蛋白质女孩》风靡全中国,短短三几个月内人气一路狂飙,高踞畅销书排行榜数月之久。在上海,他更一度登上畅销书排行榜第一名,轻易把其他畅销书作家抛在后头。读《蛋白质女孩》更一度成为中国都会中产阶级的阅读时尚。
至今,这本充满都会流行感的小说早已卖了超过100万本,王文华继《蛋白质女孩》之后出版的另一部长篇小说《61x57》销量也超过50万本。
喜欢目前单打独斗的日子
为了挑战自我,活出既定的生活方式,去年年底,王文华辞去了企业机构的主管工作,过起他所说的“单打独斗”的生活。
目前,王文华拥有作家、专栏作者、台湾大学兼任讲师、广播主持人等多项头衔,最新突破是,他从广播主持人,进一步成为电视节目主持人,与台湾当红艺人陶晶莹(陶子)联手主持东风卫视的新节目《桃色蛋白质》。对于这个新挑战,王文华一点也不紧张,他以“很好玩”形容这个新挑战。
王文华近日也朝励志书的方向发展,甫上市的新书《史丹佛的银色子弹》被他定位为“求学与职场的励志书”。这本书近日登上台湾畅销书排行榜,内容主要彰显他过去在求学和职场中所学到的信念与价值观。
在创作上,王文华也没留白。他一边忙着写一部以中国城市作为背景的爱情小说,一边忙着写散文,试图将过去几年他在企业界的心得、思考和经验纪录下来,这也将是《史丹佛的银色子弹》姐妹篇。
王文华说:“我喜欢目前‘单打独斗’的日子,这样的生活使我可以决定自己生活的规模与步调。”
以MBA眼光看爱情小动作
除了写作,王文华也擅于行销工作。台湾大学外文系毕业后,王文华在1992年去了美国斯坦福(台译史丹佛)大学读MBA(企管硕士),毕业后曾在纽约华尔街和东京打过工,从美国回到台湾后,他担任过电影公司行销经理、MTV电视台董事总经理、迪斯尼台湾分公司的经理等职位。这10年来,他悠游于文学界和商业界,穿梭在文字和数字间,如鱼得水。
MBA和小说创作有什么关系吗?
王文华说:“去美国读MBA之前,我是个典型的文艺青年;由于读外文系的关系,过去我一直沉迷在西洋文学经典中,想法倾向虚无缥缈。念了企管之后,我的思考方式改变了;从过去较为抽象的,天马行空式的思考方式训练得想东西较有逻辑性、分析性,也较有方法、有组织。这种改变也影响了我的创作,现在我写小说,表面上看起来好像一气呵成,其实这其中有我借鉴自企管的方法。”
王文华说着打开随身携带的手提电脑,以电脑上的资料说明他在写小说时,如何对小说人物进行精密“设计”,以及他在日常生活中陆陆续续写下的笔记。果然是个很有创作方法的作者。
《蛋白质女孩》和一般爱情小说不同,它不以罗曼蒂克的情调、风花雪月的氛围取胜,它写得更多的是都会里中产阶级的“爱情小动作”。书中两个以情圣自居的台北男人,不断在城市里带着冒险的心情玩着一次又一次的爱情游戏;王文华笔下的他们有着小小的邪恶与虚伪,有时候像无赖,有时候又像小丑,叫人既讨厌又同情。
对于这部小说,王文华自我剖析说:“《蛋白质女孩》不同于一般的爱情小说,它是一本‘凶’的爱情小说。我以MBA的眼光来看这些爱情小动作。”
分析男女关系像分析财务报表
王文华说,企业分析往往非常犀利而一针见血,写《蛋白质女孩》的时候,他不留情面的,直截了当的以分析财务报表的方式来分析男女之间的关系,写出男女在面对爱情问题时,产生的各种疯狂行径和复杂游戏。
王文华说,写《蛋白质女孩》时,他刚从美国回到台湾不久,重新投入一个曾经远离的社会,使他有能力更清楚的观察和亲身体会都会生活的种种,了解都会男女错综复杂的爱情关系。
虽然《蛋白质女孩》以台湾社会为背景,小说描绘的场景也并非中国读者所熟悉,但由于触及共同的人性、共同的男女关系中互动的模式,使到中国读者对小说的情节与人际关系感同身受,心领神会。
王文华小说的另一特点是故事与对白风趣、幽默、机智,小说对话总带着对爱情的嬉笑怒骂,文字又刻意押韵,读来轻松愉悦。他说,在企管界的圈子里,人们的性格一般较为开朗、活泼,这些性格特质也影响了他,使他较过去都要入世、活泼。
在情场上是小孩不是大师
台湾政界及传媒界名人陈文茜曾在和王文华的对谈中说,如果她年轻15岁,会爱上王文华。陈文茜说,像王文华这种类型的男孩子,完全符合她喜欢的男孩子的样子。
眼前37岁的王文华言行举止、待人接物显得彬彬有礼,在他个人的爱情游戏里,是不是也无往不利?
王文华毫不思索的说:“许多人读了我的小说以为我是爱情大师,对于爱情的招数好像无所不知,其实我是个爱情小孩。在爱情上,我就好比画地图的人,只懂得画出爱情的版图,但并没有身临其境,我只是爱情的绘图者,不是爱情的冒险家。”
王文华说,写《蛋白质女孩》到了后半期,他自己其实经历了一场恋情,但最终无功而返。原因是,他虽然熟知男女关系中的尔虞我诈,写起来天翻地覆,但真正到了爱情现场却又脑筋不听使唤,常要犯上爱情禁忌。比如《蛋白质女孩》主角张宝说,男女关系中,男人不该早早就向女人示爱,可是他在恋爱时还是犯了这个忌。他认为,在爱情上,他更像个“职业观众”,是个冷静的旁观者。
《蛋白质女孩》把男人分为三种:苍蝇、鲨鱼和狼,王文华觉得自己是哪一种?
谈到这个问题,王文华似乎有几分“避重就轻”。他说,《蛋白质女孩》写的是“爱情丛林”中的男女关系,但他现在更愿意进入安稳的“家庭农场”,而不是爱情丛林;因此,要选择的话,他宁可选择做个家庭农场的牛或羊。
● 张曦娜 - 联合早报
王文华是谁?
有人称他为“流行文学高手”,有人直接称他为“《蛋白质女孩》的作者”。
的确,提起这位盛名横越台湾海峡两岸的台湾都会言情作家,不能不提《蛋白质女孩》。
两年前,王文华凭这部都会言情小说《蛋白质女孩》风靡全中国,短短三几个月内人气一路狂飙,高踞畅销书排行榜数月之久。在上海,他更一度登上畅销书排行榜第一名,轻易把其他畅销书作家抛在后头。读《蛋白质女孩》更一度成为中国都会中产阶级的阅读时尚。
至今,这本充满都会流行感的小说早已卖了超过100万本,王文华继《蛋白质女孩》之后出版的另一部长篇小说《61x57》销量也超过50万本。
喜欢目前单打独斗的日子
为了挑战自我,活出既定的生活方式,去年年底,王文华辞去了企业机构的主管工作,过起他所说的“单打独斗”的生活。
目前,王文华拥有作家、专栏作者、台湾大学兼任讲师、广播主持人等多项头衔,最新突破是,他从广播主持人,进一步成为电视节目主持人,与台湾当红艺人陶晶莹(陶子)联手主持东风卫视的新节目《桃色蛋白质》。对于这个新挑战,王文华一点也不紧张,他以“很好玩”形容这个新挑战。
王文华近日也朝励志书的方向发展,甫上市的新书《史丹佛的银色子弹》被他定位为“求学与职场的励志书”。这本书近日登上台湾畅销书排行榜,内容主要彰显他过去在求学和职场中所学到的信念与价值观。
在创作上,王文华也没留白。他一边忙着写一部以中国城市作为背景的爱情小说,一边忙着写散文,试图将过去几年他在企业界的心得、思考和经验纪录下来,这也将是《史丹佛的银色子弹》姐妹篇。
王文华说:“我喜欢目前‘单打独斗’的日子,这样的生活使我可以决定自己生活的规模与步调。”
以MBA眼光看爱情小动作
除了写作,王文华也擅于行销工作。台湾大学外文系毕业后,王文华在1992年去了美国斯坦福(台译史丹佛)大学读MBA(企管硕士),毕业后曾在纽约华尔街和东京打过工,从美国回到台湾后,他担任过电影公司行销经理、MTV电视台董事总经理、迪斯尼台湾分公司的经理等职位。这10年来,他悠游于文学界和商业界,穿梭在文字和数字间,如鱼得水。
MBA和小说创作有什么关系吗?
王文华说:“去美国读MBA之前,我是个典型的文艺青年;由于读外文系的关系,过去我一直沉迷在西洋文学经典中,想法倾向虚无缥缈。念了企管之后,我的思考方式改变了;从过去较为抽象的,天马行空式的思考方式训练得想东西较有逻辑性、分析性,也较有方法、有组织。这种改变也影响了我的创作,现在我写小说,表面上看起来好像一气呵成,其实这其中有我借鉴自企管的方法。”
王文华说着打开随身携带的手提电脑,以电脑上的资料说明他在写小说时,如何对小说人物进行精密“设计”,以及他在日常生活中陆陆续续写下的笔记。果然是个很有创作方法的作者。
《蛋白质女孩》和一般爱情小说不同,它不以罗曼蒂克的情调、风花雪月的氛围取胜,它写得更多的是都会里中产阶级的“爱情小动作”。书中两个以情圣自居的台北男人,不断在城市里带着冒险的心情玩着一次又一次的爱情游戏;王文华笔下的他们有着小小的邪恶与虚伪,有时候像无赖,有时候又像小丑,叫人既讨厌又同情。
对于这部小说,王文华自我剖析说:“《蛋白质女孩》不同于一般的爱情小说,它是一本‘凶’的爱情小说。我以MBA的眼光来看这些爱情小动作。”
分析男女关系像分析财务报表
王文华说,企业分析往往非常犀利而一针见血,写《蛋白质女孩》的时候,他不留情面的,直截了当的以分析财务报表的方式来分析男女之间的关系,写出男女在面对爱情问题时,产生的各种疯狂行径和复杂游戏。
王文华说,写《蛋白质女孩》时,他刚从美国回到台湾不久,重新投入一个曾经远离的社会,使他有能力更清楚的观察和亲身体会都会生活的种种,了解都会男女错综复杂的爱情关系。
虽然《蛋白质女孩》以台湾社会为背景,小说描绘的场景也并非中国读者所熟悉,但由于触及共同的人性、共同的男女关系中互动的模式,使到中国读者对小说的情节与人际关系感同身受,心领神会。
王文华小说的另一特点是故事与对白风趣、幽默、机智,小说对话总带着对爱情的嬉笑怒骂,文字又刻意押韵,读来轻松愉悦。他说,在企管界的圈子里,人们的性格一般较为开朗、活泼,这些性格特质也影响了他,使他较过去都要入世、活泼。
在情场上是小孩不是大师
台湾政界及传媒界名人陈文茜曾在和王文华的对谈中说,如果她年轻15岁,会爱上王文华。陈文茜说,像王文华这种类型的男孩子,完全符合她喜欢的男孩子的样子。
眼前37岁的王文华言行举止、待人接物显得彬彬有礼,在他个人的爱情游戏里,是不是也无往不利?
王文华毫不思索的说:“许多人读了我的小说以为我是爱情大师,对于爱情的招数好像无所不知,其实我是个爱情小孩。在爱情上,我就好比画地图的人,只懂得画出爱情的版图,但并没有身临其境,我只是爱情的绘图者,不是爱情的冒险家。”
王文华说,写《蛋白质女孩》到了后半期,他自己其实经历了一场恋情,但最终无功而返。原因是,他虽然熟知男女关系中的尔虞我诈,写起来天翻地覆,但真正到了爱情现场却又脑筋不听使唤,常要犯上爱情禁忌。比如《蛋白质女孩》主角张宝说,男女关系中,男人不该早早就向女人示爱,可是他在恋爱时还是犯了这个忌。他认为,在爱情上,他更像个“职业观众”,是个冷静的旁观者。
《蛋白质女孩》把男人分为三种:苍蝇、鲨鱼和狼,王文华觉得自己是哪一种?
谈到这个问题,王文华似乎有几分“避重就轻”。他说,《蛋白质女孩》写的是“爱情丛林”中的男女关系,但他现在更愿意进入安稳的“家庭农场”,而不是爱情丛林;因此,要选择的话,他宁可选择做个家庭农场的牛或羊。
● 张曦娜 - 联合早报
Friday, June 24, 2005
Best joke in a competition organized in Britain
过度分析,而看不到眼前的现实;
分析过度,会模糊焦点。
===============================================
This particular joke won an award for the best joke in a competition organized in Britain.
A MBA and an Engineer go on a camping trip, set up their tent,and fell asleep.
Some hours later, the Engineer wakes his MBA friend. "
Look up at the sky and tell me what you see."
The MBA replies, "I see millions of stars."
The Engineer asks "What does that tell you?"
The MBA ponders for a minute :
"Astronomically speaking, it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets.
Astrologically, it tells me that Saturn is in Leo.
Time wise, it appears to be approximately a quarter past three.
Theologically, it's evident the Lord is all-powerful and we are small and insignificant.
Meteorologically, it seems we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. What does it tell you?"
The Engineer friend is silent for a moment, then speaks.
"Practically...Someone has stolen our tent".
分析过度,会模糊焦点。
===============================================
This particular joke won an award for the best joke in a competition organized in Britain.
A MBA and an Engineer go on a camping trip, set up their tent,and fell asleep.
Some hours later, the Engineer wakes his MBA friend. "
Look up at the sky and tell me what you see."
The MBA replies, "I see millions of stars."
The Engineer asks "What does that tell you?"
The MBA ponders for a minute :
"Astronomically speaking, it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets.
Astrologically, it tells me that Saturn is in Leo.
Time wise, it appears to be approximately a quarter past three.
Theologically, it's evident the Lord is all-powerful and we are small and insignificant.
Meteorologically, it seems we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. What does it tell you?"
The Engineer friend is silent for a moment, then speaks.
"Practically...Someone has stolen our tent".
Your Point Of View Reflects Where You Stand
横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低皆不同。
有时候,当你对外在的人、事、物感到无可奈何时,或控制不了情绪的时候,走来走去走不出迷茫的天地,换一换看事物的角度,展现在你眼前的风景,豁然开朗,别有一番滋味!
========================================
One day a father of a very wealthy family took his son on a trip to the country with the firm purpose of showing his son how poor people live.
They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a very poor family. On their return from their trip, the father asked his son, "How was the trip?"
"It was great, Dad."
"Did you see how poor people live?" the father asked.
"Oh yeah," said the son.
"So, tell me, what did you learn from the trip?" asked the father.
The son answered: "I saw that we have one dog and they had four.
We have a pool that reaches to the middle of our garden and they have a creek that has no end.
We have imported lanterns in our garden and they have the stars at night.
Our patio reaches to the front yard and they have the whole horizon.
We have a small piece of land to live on and they have fields that go beyond our sight.
We have servants who serve us, but they serve others. We buy our food, but they grow theirs.
We have walls around our property to protect us, they have friends to protect them."
The boy's father was speechless. Then his son added, "Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are."
Isn't perspective a wonderful thing? Makes you wonder what would happen if we all gave thanks for everything we have, instead of worrying about what we don't have.
有时候,当你对外在的人、事、物感到无可奈何时,或控制不了情绪的时候,走来走去走不出迷茫的天地,换一换看事物的角度,展现在你眼前的风景,豁然开朗,别有一番滋味!
========================================
One day a father of a very wealthy family took his son on a trip to the country with the firm purpose of showing his son how poor people live.
They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a very poor family. On their return from their trip, the father asked his son, "How was the trip?"
"It was great, Dad."
"Did you see how poor people live?" the father asked.
"Oh yeah," said the son.
"So, tell me, what did you learn from the trip?" asked the father.
The son answered: "I saw that we have one dog and they had four.
We have a pool that reaches to the middle of our garden and they have a creek that has no end.
We have imported lanterns in our garden and they have the stars at night.
Our patio reaches to the front yard and they have the whole horizon.
We have a small piece of land to live on and they have fields that go beyond our sight.
We have servants who serve us, but they serve others. We buy our food, but they grow theirs.
We have walls around our property to protect us, they have friends to protect them."
The boy's father was speechless. Then his son added, "Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are."
Isn't perspective a wonderful thing? Makes you wonder what would happen if we all gave thanks for everything we have, instead of worrying about what we don't have.
Thursday, June 23, 2005
AP与国产车困境
Posted by: 李万千 on星期三, 22 六月 2005 15:03:24 @ thefreemedia.com
我国前首相敦马哈迪医生,向来以“敢作敢为”见称。例如当年为了证明获得政府私营化合约的,也包括安华的“朋党”在内,他就不惜把有关名单加以公布,以证明“天下乌鸦一般黑”!
这次,他挑战政府公布获得汽车入口准证(AP)者的名单和详情,当然也需要一些勇气。因为在现任国际贸工部长拉菲达之前,马哈迪也曾掌管过该部门,而且同样也没有公布过AP获得者的名单和详情。换句话说,老马还是AP黑箱作业的“始作俑者”,难怪要遭拉菲达的一番奚落。
尽管如此,政府以公布AP获得者的名单和详情不是政府的政策、马哈迪任国际贸工部时也没有这么做、及过去已经向国会透露过有关资料等理由,拒绝马哈迪的要求,其实是十分不智的。因为它显然和首相阿都拉巴达威所不断强调的反贪污、负责任和透明化等新政策的精神背道而驰。
何况有关建议并不是反对党的一般挑战,可以轻易被忽视或封杀。而是我国前首相马哈迪医生,以国家汽车工业公司顾问身份提出的慎重要求。因为近年来,我国AP持有者不但进口豪华的大房车,连中、低价的小房车也大量进口,与国产车争夺市埸。马哈迪的要求,无疑是对AP被滥用的直接指控。
从拉菲达本身公布的数据,即在去年,政府总共发出66,277汽车入口准证予116名AP持有者,但进口的汽车实际上只有55,713辆。可见AP的控制,并不是那么严格。马哈迪显然是要政府更加严厉地限制外国汽车的进口,以保护国产车能够在没有竞争、或竞争不剧烈的情况下,续继垄断市埸,一枝独秀。这要求实际上是和区域性市埸开放的趋势,例如东盟自由贸易区(AFTA)的全面实施背道而驰,间接说明了国产车的前景不容乐观。
举一个被传媒广泛引用的例子来说明。一辆在南韩价值RM18,000的著名汽车,AP持有者在巴生港口的报价竟然低至RM8,762,抽税后价额增至RM22,868,而售价则高至RM46,000!过低的虚报价额,使政府每年损失数以亿计的税收。而过高的税收和入口商的利润,实际上是牺牲了我国汽车消费者的利益,以保护国产车。问题是:为什么在东盟自由贸易区内,一辆在南韩仅值RRM18,000的汽车,我们需要以
RM46,000的高价来购买呢?然而我国的消费者是不允许抗议的,因为据说我们都是爱国者,而爱国者就必须为国产车的生存付出代价!
政府不应回避的另一个问题是,为什么其他东盟国家能够生产如此“价廉物美”的名牌汽车,我国国产车则不能?国产车顾问马哈迪说他无法回答。总之,我们就是办不到。
拉菲达承认,AP制是我国独一无二的政策。它在1970年实行,目的在于协助土著参与汽车进口的行业。到20年前国产车面世后,也藉以保护国产车。但AP制自实施以来,就漏洞百出。许多根本没有从事汽车进口业的人,包括马哈迪透露的巫统总部的职员,都获得了AP。他们只要一转手,一大笔钱立即进荷包,简直是不劳而获!结果这些AP持有者,没有公司、没有展示地点、没有营业员,不必作账,就可以做生意,当然是挂名的无本生意!
到了1987年,据拉菲达说,曾经有过一次大整顿,269位AP持有者的营业情况受到重新审查,结果有153家公司由于涉及AP买卖、没有销售展示地点、账目不清等原因而被取消所分配到的AP数额。而且此后,新的AP申新者,只限于持有专卖权的汽车进口商。此外也规定AP持有者,必须销售AP数额的75%,否则,将减少来年AP的分配数额。
尽管如此,仍然存在AP分配给不合格者,例如亲属或前朋党的各传闻各滥权现象。更甚的是,甚至有存在所谓“AP大王”的丑闻,使人觉得黑幕重重。搞到连马哈迪他老人家也要求当局公布AP持有人的名单和详情,问题的严重性可见一斑。在这种情况下,阿都拉若不指示拉菲达公布详情,以满足马哈迪的合理要求,看来也是很难下台的!
当然拉菲达也不是省油的灯。她毫不犹疑地对老马作出反击,指国产车在出口方面表现差劲。她举出令人信服的数据来回敬老马,即国产车的出口总数,由1994年的14,965辆,上升至1997年的25,686辆,但到了2003年,却跌至7,622辆,跌幅之大令人诧异。她还具体指出国产车不注重开拓国外市埸及用人不当等毛病。
她也不客气地指出,AP制度是可能加以废除的。一旦废除AP,国产车由于不具竞争能力,就会完蛋。老马和拉菲达在过招中,让我们看到AP制度漏洞百出,但要加以废除也是不可能的。这就是我国国产车目前的困境,老马和拉菲达相互指责,却无法提出解决国产车困境的方案,令人为国产车的前景感到担心。
我国前首相敦马哈迪医生,向来以“敢作敢为”见称。例如当年为了证明获得政府私营化合约的,也包括安华的“朋党”在内,他就不惜把有关名单加以公布,以证明“天下乌鸦一般黑”!
这次,他挑战政府公布获得汽车入口准证(AP)者的名单和详情,当然也需要一些勇气。因为在现任国际贸工部长拉菲达之前,马哈迪也曾掌管过该部门,而且同样也没有公布过AP获得者的名单和详情。换句话说,老马还是AP黑箱作业的“始作俑者”,难怪要遭拉菲达的一番奚落。
尽管如此,政府以公布AP获得者的名单和详情不是政府的政策、马哈迪任国际贸工部时也没有这么做、及过去已经向国会透露过有关资料等理由,拒绝马哈迪的要求,其实是十分不智的。因为它显然和首相阿都拉巴达威所不断强调的反贪污、负责任和透明化等新政策的精神背道而驰。
何况有关建议并不是反对党的一般挑战,可以轻易被忽视或封杀。而是我国前首相马哈迪医生,以国家汽车工业公司顾问身份提出的慎重要求。因为近年来,我国AP持有者不但进口豪华的大房车,连中、低价的小房车也大量进口,与国产车争夺市埸。马哈迪的要求,无疑是对AP被滥用的直接指控。
从拉菲达本身公布的数据,即在去年,政府总共发出66,277汽车入口准证予116名AP持有者,但进口的汽车实际上只有55,713辆。可见AP的控制,并不是那么严格。马哈迪显然是要政府更加严厉地限制外国汽车的进口,以保护国产车能够在没有竞争、或竞争不剧烈的情况下,续继垄断市埸,一枝独秀。这要求实际上是和区域性市埸开放的趋势,例如东盟自由贸易区(AFTA)的全面实施背道而驰,间接说明了国产车的前景不容乐观。
举一个被传媒广泛引用的例子来说明。一辆在南韩价值RM18,000的著名汽车,AP持有者在巴生港口的报价竟然低至RM8,762,抽税后价额增至RM22,868,而售价则高至RM46,000!过低的虚报价额,使政府每年损失数以亿计的税收。而过高的税收和入口商的利润,实际上是牺牲了我国汽车消费者的利益,以保护国产车。问题是:为什么在东盟自由贸易区内,一辆在南韩仅值RRM18,000的汽车,我们需要以
RM46,000的高价来购买呢?然而我国的消费者是不允许抗议的,因为据说我们都是爱国者,而爱国者就必须为国产车的生存付出代价!
政府不应回避的另一个问题是,为什么其他东盟国家能够生产如此“价廉物美”的名牌汽车,我国国产车则不能?国产车顾问马哈迪说他无法回答。总之,我们就是办不到。
拉菲达承认,AP制是我国独一无二的政策。它在1970年实行,目的在于协助土著参与汽车进口的行业。到20年前国产车面世后,也藉以保护国产车。但AP制自实施以来,就漏洞百出。许多根本没有从事汽车进口业的人,包括马哈迪透露的巫统总部的职员,都获得了AP。他们只要一转手,一大笔钱立即进荷包,简直是不劳而获!结果这些AP持有者,没有公司、没有展示地点、没有营业员,不必作账,就可以做生意,当然是挂名的无本生意!
到了1987年,据拉菲达说,曾经有过一次大整顿,269位AP持有者的营业情况受到重新审查,结果有153家公司由于涉及AP买卖、没有销售展示地点、账目不清等原因而被取消所分配到的AP数额。而且此后,新的AP申新者,只限于持有专卖权的汽车进口商。此外也规定AP持有者,必须销售AP数额的75%,否则,将减少来年AP的分配数额。
尽管如此,仍然存在AP分配给不合格者,例如亲属或前朋党的各传闻各滥权现象。更甚的是,甚至有存在所谓“AP大王”的丑闻,使人觉得黑幕重重。搞到连马哈迪他老人家也要求当局公布AP持有人的名单和详情,问题的严重性可见一斑。在这种情况下,阿都拉若不指示拉菲达公布详情,以满足马哈迪的合理要求,看来也是很难下台的!
当然拉菲达也不是省油的灯。她毫不犹疑地对老马作出反击,指国产车在出口方面表现差劲。她举出令人信服的数据来回敬老马,即国产车的出口总数,由1994年的14,965辆,上升至1997年的25,686辆,但到了2003年,却跌至7,622辆,跌幅之大令人诧异。她还具体指出国产车不注重开拓国外市埸及用人不当等毛病。
她也不客气地指出,AP制度是可能加以废除的。一旦废除AP,国产车由于不具竞争能力,就会完蛋。老马和拉菲达在过招中,让我们看到AP制度漏洞百出,但要加以废除也是不可能的。这就是我国国产车目前的困境,老马和拉菲达相互指责,却无法提出解决国产车困境的方案,令人为国产车的前景感到担心。
平心而看
中国人有强烈要把自己放到世界格局中去的愿望。而在这个认识世界的过程当中,世界也在认识中国。
中国同样很希望得到世界的理解。但是他们往往感到无可奈何的,是外国媒体,特别是西方媒体要嘛对中国不够关注,要嘛所关注的不是中国所希望他们关注的,又或者关注的方式在中国人看来是片面的,甚至带有成见的。
这几个月以来,多家外国媒体机构都以相当的篇幅,用专题的形式集中深入地报道中国,比如英国广播电视公司、美国电缆电视、美国《新闻周刊》等。2003年沙斯(中国称“非典”)期间,揭露中国官员对世界隐瞒真相、报道了军方医院的情况的美国《时代》周刊,也在最新一期以“中国新革命”为题,对中国的崛起进行解读和深入报道。
这些媒体这么做的出发点,其实也是渐渐地把中国放到世界的格局里来。虽然对于中国的许多做法,它们仍有不同意之处,但事实是,外国人对中国的改革开放参与已经越来越深,中国人和外国人的利益重叠的范围越来越大,更加关注中国是必要的。
中国重视自己的国际形象是好事,但表现充分自信的方式,可以是不以这些外国媒体的报道为喜乐,不必因为别人的重视和肯定而手舞足蹈,因为别人的批评而感到委屈或愤怒,重要的是中国自己把握分寸,对于这些报道进行了怎样的反思。
中国的发展和改变是个漫长的过程,外国媒体对中国改观也需要时间。外国媒体的报道,哪怕是批评,哪怕有的还带有偏见,其实放开胸怀,可以换个角度,把它们都当作是在帮助中国了解别人怎么看它,甚至也促进中国人的自我了解。
用怎样的心态来看待这些外国媒体的眼光,其实也反映了一个社会有多成熟
● 李慧玲
中国同样很希望得到世界的理解。但是他们往往感到无可奈何的,是外国媒体,特别是西方媒体要嘛对中国不够关注,要嘛所关注的不是中国所希望他们关注的,又或者关注的方式在中国人看来是片面的,甚至带有成见的。
这几个月以来,多家外国媒体机构都以相当的篇幅,用专题的形式集中深入地报道中国,比如英国广播电视公司、美国电缆电视、美国《新闻周刊》等。2003年沙斯(中国称“非典”)期间,揭露中国官员对世界隐瞒真相、报道了军方医院的情况的美国《时代》周刊,也在最新一期以“中国新革命”为题,对中国的崛起进行解读和深入报道。
这些媒体这么做的出发点,其实也是渐渐地把中国放到世界的格局里来。虽然对于中国的许多做法,它们仍有不同意之处,但事实是,外国人对中国的改革开放参与已经越来越深,中国人和外国人的利益重叠的范围越来越大,更加关注中国是必要的。
中国重视自己的国际形象是好事,但表现充分自信的方式,可以是不以这些外国媒体的报道为喜乐,不必因为别人的重视和肯定而手舞足蹈,因为别人的批评而感到委屈或愤怒,重要的是中国自己把握分寸,对于这些报道进行了怎样的反思。
中国的发展和改变是个漫长的过程,外国媒体对中国改观也需要时间。外国媒体的报道,哪怕是批评,哪怕有的还带有偏见,其实放开胸怀,可以换个角度,把它们都当作是在帮助中国了解别人怎么看它,甚至也促进中国人的自我了解。
用怎样的心态来看待这些外国媒体的眼光,其实也反映了一个社会有多成熟
● 李慧玲
来个小品尝尝
常常张贴言论文章,今天就来个小品尝尝,如何?
==========================================
《现成年代》
人人都想捡现成。
希望学校能生产一个长进、学习不懈、品格正直的孩子给我;女佣可以培植出一个健康、生活习惯良好的孩子;老天怜悯人间情苦,所以制造了一个永远都对我温柔体贴、永远比我坚强、事事都照顾我但又不必我操劳的情人;可以拥有一个知己,在我需要她/他时,那人一定就在灯火阑珊处静候着我;可以在一条索道的时间内与便捷之下,不费吹灰之力地站在一座高山上;可以绕过伤疤而学会驾驭一辆摩托车;可以不必汗水就练得一手好球……
我始终不相信用双腿爬一座山和通过缆车上一座山所看到的风景是一样的。那些经历过汗水、筋骨的劳累所获得的一幅幅风景的体会是无法由缆车所取代的。世间的玫瑰数以万计,偏偏小王子仅对自己曾经锲而不舍地为它浇水、为它挡风、为它操心的那一朵有感觉,他始终牵挂的只是那朵他曾经付出过的玫瑰。
在喜马拉雅山上的木屋住宿里叫了一份马铃薯面包。等了一个小时,面包还没有端上桌。不了解为什么切几片面包需要耗上一个小时的时间,所以到厨房探头一看,才发现原来女主人正在搓面粉,旁边就是一袋马铃薯。我真的愣住了。原来我所订购的面包正在制作的过程中。那一刻,我才恍然醒悟,面包是需要一个制作过程的。只是久而久之,我已经忘记了,或许再过一些日子,我只懂得端上桌的鸡,而忘了长羽毛的鸡是何等样子的了。当妇人把面包端上桌时,我不敢抱怨早餐的缓慢,反而有一种莫名的感动。
很多事情都有一个过程的,不管是快或慢,只是当我们习惯了现成时,便忘记了那个过程。我的生活里有太多的现成,从衣食到住行都是现成的,只要花费一些费用即唾手可得,完全不必自己动手制作。也因此这样,所以把很多事物当成是理所当然的。
看着妇人缓缓地搓着面粉,我才意识到生活的原貌。花上一个半小时等待一份早餐,这样的生活,我们早已经负担不起了。
● 阿龙
(传自英国达勒姆,Durham)
==========================================
《现成年代》
人人都想捡现成。
希望学校能生产一个长进、学习不懈、品格正直的孩子给我;女佣可以培植出一个健康、生活习惯良好的孩子;老天怜悯人间情苦,所以制造了一个永远都对我温柔体贴、永远比我坚强、事事都照顾我但又不必我操劳的情人;可以拥有一个知己,在我需要她/他时,那人一定就在灯火阑珊处静候着我;可以在一条索道的时间内与便捷之下,不费吹灰之力地站在一座高山上;可以绕过伤疤而学会驾驭一辆摩托车;可以不必汗水就练得一手好球……
我始终不相信用双腿爬一座山和通过缆车上一座山所看到的风景是一样的。那些经历过汗水、筋骨的劳累所获得的一幅幅风景的体会是无法由缆车所取代的。世间的玫瑰数以万计,偏偏小王子仅对自己曾经锲而不舍地为它浇水、为它挡风、为它操心的那一朵有感觉,他始终牵挂的只是那朵他曾经付出过的玫瑰。
在喜马拉雅山上的木屋住宿里叫了一份马铃薯面包。等了一个小时,面包还没有端上桌。不了解为什么切几片面包需要耗上一个小时的时间,所以到厨房探头一看,才发现原来女主人正在搓面粉,旁边就是一袋马铃薯。我真的愣住了。原来我所订购的面包正在制作的过程中。那一刻,我才恍然醒悟,面包是需要一个制作过程的。只是久而久之,我已经忘记了,或许再过一些日子,我只懂得端上桌的鸡,而忘了长羽毛的鸡是何等样子的了。当妇人把面包端上桌时,我不敢抱怨早餐的缓慢,反而有一种莫名的感动。
很多事情都有一个过程的,不管是快或慢,只是当我们习惯了现成时,便忘记了那个过程。我的生活里有太多的现成,从衣食到住行都是现成的,只要花费一些费用即唾手可得,完全不必自己动手制作。也因此这样,所以把很多事物当成是理所当然的。
看着妇人缓缓地搓着面粉,我才意识到生活的原貌。花上一个半小时等待一份早餐,这样的生活,我们早已经负担不起了。
● 阿龙
(传自英国达勒姆,Durham)
翻译 [维基百科]
翻译
维基百科,自由的百科全书
翻译,是指在准确通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的活动。
这个过程从逻辑上可以分为两个阶段:首先,必须从源语言中译码含义,然后把信息重新编码成目标语言。所有的这两步都要求对语言语义学的知识以及对语言使用者文化的了解。除了要保留原有的意思外,一个好的翻译应该对于目标语言的使用者来说就像是本语言使用者所说所写得那样流畅和符合本语言的习惯(除非是在特殊情况下,演说者并不打算像一个本语言使用者那样说话,例如在戏剧中)。
目录
1 翻译概述
2 翻译简史
3 翻译原则
4 机器翻译
5 翻译家
6 外部链接
翻译概述
所有的文学和演讲都可以进行翻译,包括小说、电影、诗歌、演讲等等。但是在不同的领域,翻译的困难度也不同。诗歌几乎是不可能准确翻译的,因为诗歌同时取决于它的形式的含义。
很多非文学的翻译工作由低水平的人员完成。这些包括翻译手册和其它商业以及专业文本。很多政府也承担大量的翻译工作。例如加拿大政府就必须把所有的政府文件翻译成英语和法语。拥有很多官方语言的欧盟必须雇用大量的翻译人员。
如果说非文学作品的翻译是一项技能的话,那么翻译诗歌就可以说是一门艺术了。在翻译过程中,很多的原意都可能丢失,如果诸字的翻译有可能使得文章的很多写作效果丢失,因为这忽略了文化间的不同点。一个优秀的翻译人员必须在准确性和可读性之间找到很好的平衡。具有这种技能的人很少,通常他们都会受到出版商的追捧。
对宗教著作的翻译在世界历史上曾扮演过重要角色。例如把印度佛经翻译成汉语的佛教僧侣通常会把翻译倾向于中国以适应中国这种非常不同的文化。因此,诸如“孝顺”就可能受到强调。
对基督教圣经的翻译也是十分重要的。St. Jerome至今仍因为它把圣经翻译成拉丁文而受到人们的推崇。虽然他的翻译在出版时受到争议,但他的翻译仍被天主教廷沿用了几个世纪。
[更多... ]
维基百科,自由的百科全书
翻译,是指在准确通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的活动。
这个过程从逻辑上可以分为两个阶段:首先,必须从源语言中译码含义,然后把信息重新编码成目标语言。所有的这两步都要求对语言语义学的知识以及对语言使用者文化的了解。除了要保留原有的意思外,一个好的翻译应该对于目标语言的使用者来说就像是本语言使用者所说所写得那样流畅和符合本语言的习惯(除非是在特殊情况下,演说者并不打算像一个本语言使用者那样说话,例如在戏剧中)。
目录
1 翻译概述
2 翻译简史
3 翻译原则
4 机器翻译
5 翻译家
6 外部链接
翻译概述
所有的文学和演讲都可以进行翻译,包括小说、电影、诗歌、演讲等等。但是在不同的领域,翻译的困难度也不同。诗歌几乎是不可能准确翻译的,因为诗歌同时取决于它的形式的含义。
很多非文学的翻译工作由低水平的人员完成。这些包括翻译手册和其它商业以及专业文本。很多政府也承担大量的翻译工作。例如加拿大政府就必须把所有的政府文件翻译成英语和法语。拥有很多官方语言的欧盟必须雇用大量的翻译人员。
如果说非文学作品的翻译是一项技能的话,那么翻译诗歌就可以说是一门艺术了。在翻译过程中,很多的原意都可能丢失,如果诸字的翻译有可能使得文章的很多写作效果丢失,因为这忽略了文化间的不同点。一个优秀的翻译人员必须在准确性和可读性之间找到很好的平衡。具有这种技能的人很少,通常他们都会受到出版商的追捧。
对宗教著作的翻译在世界历史上曾扮演过重要角色。例如把印度佛经翻译成汉语的佛教僧侣通常会把翻译倾向于中国以适应中国这种非常不同的文化。因此,诸如“孝顺”就可能受到强调。
对基督教圣经的翻译也是十分重要的。St. Jerome至今仍因为它把圣经翻译成拉丁文而受到人们的推崇。虽然他的翻译在出版时受到争议,但他的翻译仍被天主教廷沿用了几个世纪。
[更多... ]
Bayfront 译名讨论 (续)
想不到BAYFRONT中文译名的争论,在蕞尔岛国引起人们热烈讨论。才不过短短一天的时间,早报又出现了六篇回应(可能更多,有可能因版位有限,早报无法一一尽录),为此还特辟了 《BAYFRONT译名讨论》的角落。
GeMiNi 部落格的免费联结 :)
〉“海湾舫”译名之失误
〉“贝弗兰”是不负责任的译名
〉用“舫”字不恰当
〉音译的例子比比皆是 — 为路交局抱不平
〉让地名成为游客的‘开胃菜’
〉何不翻译为“海湾坊”?
昨天在此部落劲 (blogging)BAYFRONT 不就是滨海湾吗? 时,还以为自己太无聊了,此等小事岛民懒得理你呢!原来知音还蛮多的嘛。
到目前为止,个人偏好“滨海湾”这个译名。Bayfront 比 Marina Bay 更适合“滨海湾”, 他们注定要相遇。
---------- 25June2005 10:58pm ---------------
终于看到个人觉得比“滨海湾”更贴切的译名,“贝浮湾”也!
“贝浮湾”音意皆佳
翻译态度问题
从一开始就将名称译好 --- 李成业
音译不是“语言暴力”
直译为“海湾前”
赞成译为“海湾墘”
GeMiNi 部落格的免费联结 :)
〉“海湾舫”译名之失误
〉“贝弗兰”是不负责任的译名
〉用“舫”字不恰当
〉音译的例子比比皆是 — 为路交局抱不平
〉让地名成为游客的‘开胃菜’
〉何不翻译为“海湾坊”?
昨天在此部落劲 (blogging)BAYFRONT 不就是滨海湾吗? 时,还以为自己太无聊了,此等小事岛民懒得理你呢!原来知音还蛮多的嘛。
到目前为止,个人偏好“滨海湾”这个译名。Bayfront 比 Marina Bay 更适合“滨海湾”, 他们注定要相遇。
---------- 25June2005 10:58pm ---------------
终于看到个人觉得比“滨海湾”更贴切的译名,“贝浮湾”也!
“贝浮湾”音意皆佳
翻译态度问题
从一开始就将名称译好 --- 李成业
音译不是“语言暴力”
直译为“海湾前”
赞成译为“海湾墘”
Wednesday, June 22, 2005
Bayfront不就是滨海湾吗?
新加坡联合早报一连三天都有文章讨论上周陆路交通管理局宣布新市区地铁延长线五个新站的华文译名时,把Bayfront“暂译”为“贝弗兰”的背后那种政府部门在处理华文问题时的敷衍塞责、因陋就简的态度.
先是由作者蔡深江刊于《联合早报·星期刊》专栏文章《拒绝‘贝弗兰’式的语言暴力》开火,引起新加坡资深翻译和同步传译员李成业前辈地名的回应文章《地名翻译必须认真》,以及今天联合早报的言论版的《给予华文应有的尊重》。 陆交局也从善如流,暂且将该地铁站译明定为李前辈所建议的“海湾舫”。
“海湾舫”这个译名。这是结合“意译”和“音译”的翻译构想,就如举世闻名的“剑桥”大学城那样。读者一看到这个译名,脑海里立刻联想到一幅海湾美景的画面。整个构想的基础是:“以旖旎怡人的海湾为背景,在碧绿水上游弋的画舫”。 --李成业
可是Bayfront从字面上看来不就是滨海湾吗?可惜滨海湾这名字早已被 Marina Bay 捷足先登了。当年又是那一位高人给Marina Bay 取了滨海湾这个名字呢?
先是由作者蔡深江刊于《联合早报·星期刊》专栏文章《拒绝‘贝弗兰’式的语言暴力》开火,引起新加坡资深翻译和同步传译员李成业前辈地名的回应文章《地名翻译必须认真》,以及今天联合早报的言论版的《给予华文应有的尊重》。 陆交局也从善如流,暂且将该地铁站译明定为李前辈所建议的“海湾舫”。
“海湾舫”这个译名。这是结合“意译”和“音译”的翻译构想,就如举世闻名的“剑桥”大学城那样。读者一看到这个译名,脑海里立刻联想到一幅海湾美景的画面。整个构想的基础是:“以旖旎怡人的海湾为背景,在碧绿水上游弋的画舫”。 --李成业
可是Bayfront从字面上看来不就是滨海湾吗?可惜滨海湾这名字早已被 Marina Bay 捷足先登了。当年又是那一位高人给Marina Bay 取了滨海湾这个名字呢?
Tuesday, June 21, 2005
衛報週評的馬來西亞與回教基本教義派
Submitted by bad sword on Tue, 2005-06-14 23:32.
Malaysia's prosperity keeps Islamic fundamentalists at bay
在《破報》部落格上讀到這篇衛報的週評,覺得評得有點怪,想要在該篇blog 後comment,但一直沒接到《破報》的登入許可通知,只好先貼在這裏。
這篇評論並沒有指出真正的原因,也沒寫清楚比較的基準點是什麼。
誠然大家都有的共識是,貧窮與貧富差距是社會不安的根本原因。但是衛報此篇報導有典型站在西方的立場所見的盲點。作者可能基於東南亞有很多回教徒、世界最大的回教國家(印尼)在東南亞、馬來西亞在東南亞、馬來西亞有很多回教徒、搞不好還加上回教極端分子是世界亂源的印象。但是回教徒在馬來西亞不見得是最大、最有影響力的教派。事實上,中南半島(on the continent)上的居民是以佛教為主的。到網上找 CIA 的factbook (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/my.html#People),會發現在馬來西亞的人口組成上,可以看出馬來人和原住民佔了58%, 華裔24%, 印度裔 8%, 其它10%。但是以宗教來看,卻分不出比例。這是目前我查過的國家,都還沒看過這種情形。因為回教徒並不是最大宗,該國內各種宗教都有,而且回教徒不是受迫害的階層。
如果是要和印尼比較,則應比較是回教人口,貧窮程度,還是貧富差距造成印尼的動亂?印尼的平均年收入 US $810 (World Bank, 2003),馬來西亞 US $3,780 (World Bank, 2003)。再提供另一個比較:最近正在舉行大選的黎巴嫩,平均年收入US $4,040 (World Bank, 2003),不比印尼還亂嗎?貧富差距!
當貧窮和某個族群重疊,這種族群就有暴力傾向(或是說這個社會究會有動亂傾向),和這族群是不是回教徒或激進分子無關。激進回教徒沒有跑到中南美洲去作亂,那裏自己就亂了。反而這些動亂和美國與西方國家比較有關聯。
黎巴嫩現在唯一還武裝的民兵,是最貧窮也是人口眾多的什葉派Hezbollah;現在伊朗的什葉派是執政黨,但在以前的伊拉克什葉派是受壓迫的。中東之所以亂,黎巴嫩就是很好的一面鏡子反射這些問題,是各國在那裏爭奪利益,執政者(社會精英、資產階級)和這些國家掛勾,壟斷國家資源,保護的是自己的利益,不是國家或人民的。那些無力的人民當然想改革。蓋達組織之所以得到支持的原因之一是要推翻這些國家領導階層。
馬來西亞的執政階層,好或不好,並不像那些中東國家或印尼的執政者以犧牲人民、壟斷國家資源收入來與其它國家(尤其是美國西方)交換利益。以前的馬哈地總理還是以悍衛馬來人的利益,對抗西方,尤其是美國,資本主義聞名於世的。他的接班人應該還是會走同樣的路線。該篇記者Simon Tisdall同一天在吉隆坡的另一篇報導也說了,對美國此刻正在東南亞推銷的反恐(國防部長刻在東南亞各國訪問),馬來西亞的回應是Fighting terror the Malaysian way, not the US way(以馬來西亞的方式,不是美國方式,反恐)。情況當然是不能這樣看的。
Trackback URL for this post:
http://twblog.net/trackback/108
Malaysia's prosperity keeps Islamic fundamentalists at bay
在《破報》部落格上讀到這篇衛報的週評,覺得評得有點怪,想要在該篇blog 後comment,但一直沒接到《破報》的登入許可通知,只好先貼在這裏。
這篇評論並沒有指出真正的原因,也沒寫清楚比較的基準點是什麼。
誠然大家都有的共識是,貧窮與貧富差距是社會不安的根本原因。但是衛報此篇報導有典型站在西方的立場所見的盲點。作者可能基於東南亞有很多回教徒、世界最大的回教國家(印尼)在東南亞、馬來西亞在東南亞、馬來西亞有很多回教徒、搞不好還加上回教極端分子是世界亂源的印象。但是回教徒在馬來西亞不見得是最大、最有影響力的教派。事實上,中南半島(on the continent)上的居民是以佛教為主的。到網上找 CIA 的factbook (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/my.html#People),會發現在馬來西亞的人口組成上,可以看出馬來人和原住民佔了58%, 華裔24%, 印度裔 8%, 其它10%。但是以宗教來看,卻分不出比例。這是目前我查過的國家,都還沒看過這種情形。因為回教徒並不是最大宗,該國內各種宗教都有,而且回教徒不是受迫害的階層。
如果是要和印尼比較,則應比較是回教人口,貧窮程度,還是貧富差距造成印尼的動亂?印尼的平均年收入 US $810 (World Bank, 2003),馬來西亞 US $3,780 (World Bank, 2003)。再提供另一個比較:最近正在舉行大選的黎巴嫩,平均年收入US $4,040 (World Bank, 2003),不比印尼還亂嗎?貧富差距!
當貧窮和某個族群重疊,這種族群就有暴力傾向(或是說這個社會究會有動亂傾向),和這族群是不是回教徒或激進分子無關。激進回教徒沒有跑到中南美洲去作亂,那裏自己就亂了。反而這些動亂和美國與西方國家比較有關聯。
黎巴嫩現在唯一還武裝的民兵,是最貧窮也是人口眾多的什葉派Hezbollah;現在伊朗的什葉派是執政黨,但在以前的伊拉克什葉派是受壓迫的。中東之所以亂,黎巴嫩就是很好的一面鏡子反射這些問題,是各國在那裏爭奪利益,執政者(社會精英、資產階級)和這些國家掛勾,壟斷國家資源,保護的是自己的利益,不是國家或人民的。那些無力的人民當然想改革。蓋達組織之所以得到支持的原因之一是要推翻這些國家領導階層。
馬來西亞的執政階層,好或不好,並不像那些中東國家或印尼的執政者以犧牲人民、壟斷國家資源收入來與其它國家(尤其是美國西方)交換利益。以前的馬哈地總理還是以悍衛馬來人的利益,對抗西方,尤其是美國,資本主義聞名於世的。他的接班人應該還是會走同樣的路線。該篇記者Simon Tisdall同一天在吉隆坡的另一篇報導也說了,對美國此刻正在東南亞推銷的反恐(國防部長刻在東南亞各國訪問),馬來西亞的回應是Fighting terror the Malaysian way, not the US way(以馬來西亞的方式,不是美國方式,反恐)。情況當然是不能這樣看的。
Trackback URL for this post:
http://twblog.net/trackback/108
Monday, June 20, 2005
SINGAPORE: Nude blog photos draw foreign attention
一个标新立异,追求自我,宣告只愿意和白人交往的“沙龙舞会女孩"(SPG),近期因为在她的部落格/博客上载自己的裸照(6月7日??!)而成为 KiasuLand 岛国媒体的热门话题。台湾、澳洲、马来西亚的一些媒体亦不落人后。
素有NannyLand 之称的岛国媒体所持有的立场或报导手法不会太叫人意外。而这次的裸照风波和媒体的大肆宣传已给 SPG 的父母带来不必要的难堪,进而造成 SPG 的压力,不得不自我删除艘争议的照片。
一些活跃的博客也各自在部落格里对媒体的报道手法口诛笔伐,声援该 SPG 。
6月19日的联合晚报更连续两晚追踪后续新闻,更揭露的她的名字 -- ***** 。
媒体的道德衡量标准在哪里?由谁来决定?如何决定?
SPG AKA Sarong Party Girl - “a Singaporean term to mean a young ethnically Asian or Indian woman who is fun-loving and gregarious, and who enjoys mixing with Caucasian men, whom she finds of far greater sexual interest than Asian men.”
=============================================
Singaporean rapped for posting nude self portraits on her public blog; some bloggers say media coverage only adds to impropriety
The Straits Times
Wednesday, June 15, 2005
By Melissa Lwee
Foreigners have joined local bloggers in discussing The Straits Times' report of the 19-year-old Singaporean girl who posted nude pictures of herself on her blog.
Some bloggers have said that there is nothing wrong with posting nude pictures online at www.sarongpartygirl.blogspot.com by the girl who is known only as Sarong Party Girl.
Mr Lee Kin Mun, 35, who writes under the moniker Mr Brown (www.mrbrown.com) said the online outcry put unnecessary focus on what the girl did.
"The general response from the blogging community is, 'What's the big deal? What's all this fuss over a pair of Singapore breasts?'"
Some, like student Lee Xueling, 21, thought otherwise.
She said: "I don't think the media was wrong to report this. She blogged about it and there was no attempt to keep her blog private. It's obvious her blog has a wide readership so this was effectively a public post. She merely got even more attention that she usually does."
However, forums like www.flowerpod.com.sg have seen discussions frowning upon the girl's actions.
Since the story appeared, 90 comments have appeared on www.tomorrow.sg which was among the first blogs to highlight her nude picture.
Foreign blogs have carried comments too.
Foreign news sites like the Taipei Times (www.taipeitimes.com) and the Sydney Morning Herald (www.smh.com.au) have picked up the news item.
Malaysian bloggers also reacted after Malaysian newspaper The Star (www.the-star.com.my) reported on Sarong Party Girl.
Mr Kenny Sia (www.kennysia.com), 23, did a photo parodying Sarong Party Girl's shots in a show of support.
He said: "By making fun of the situation, I just want to tell people not to take the whole issue so seriously."
Though she is posing nude, most lawyers said she is probably not breaking any obscenity law.
The girl, who doesn't want to be named but calls herself an "exhibitionist", tells The Straits Times that she is gunning for a book deal.
Date Posted: 6/15/2005
素有NannyLand 之称的岛国媒体所持有的立场或报导手法不会太叫人意外。而这次的裸照风波和媒体的大肆宣传已给 SPG 的父母带来不必要的难堪,进而造成 SPG 的压力,不得不自我删除艘争议的照片。
一些活跃的博客也各自在部落格里对媒体的报道手法口诛笔伐,声援该 SPG 。
6月19日的联合晚报更连续两晚追踪后续新闻,更揭露的她的名字 -- ***** 。
媒体的道德衡量标准在哪里?由谁来决定?如何决定?
SPG AKA Sarong Party Girl - “a Singaporean term to mean a young ethnically Asian or Indian woman who is fun-loving and gregarious, and who enjoys mixing with Caucasian men, whom she finds of far greater sexual interest than Asian men.”
=============================================
Singaporean rapped for posting nude self portraits on her public blog; some bloggers say media coverage only adds to impropriety
The Straits Times
Wednesday, June 15, 2005
By Melissa Lwee
Foreigners have joined local bloggers in discussing The Straits Times' report of the 19-year-old Singaporean girl who posted nude pictures of herself on her blog.
Some bloggers have said that there is nothing wrong with posting nude pictures online at www.sarongpartygirl.blogspot.com by the girl who is known only as Sarong Party Girl.
Mr Lee Kin Mun, 35, who writes under the moniker Mr Brown (www.mrbrown.com) said the online outcry put unnecessary focus on what the girl did.
"The general response from the blogging community is, 'What's the big deal? What's all this fuss over a pair of Singapore breasts?'"
Some, like student Lee Xueling, 21, thought otherwise.
She said: "I don't think the media was wrong to report this. She blogged about it and there was no attempt to keep her blog private. It's obvious her blog has a wide readership so this was effectively a public post. She merely got even more attention that she usually does."
However, forums like www.flowerpod.com.sg have seen discussions frowning upon the girl's actions.
Since the story appeared, 90 comments have appeared on www.tomorrow.sg which was among the first blogs to highlight her nude picture.
Foreign blogs have carried comments too.
Foreign news sites like the Taipei Times (www.taipeitimes.com) and the Sydney Morning Herald (www.smh.com.au) have picked up the news item.
Malaysian bloggers also reacted after Malaysian newspaper The Star (www.the-star.com.my) reported on Sarong Party Girl.
Mr Kenny Sia (www.kennysia.com), 23, did a photo parodying Sarong Party Girl's shots in a show of support.
He said: "By making fun of the situation, I just want to tell people not to take the whole issue so seriously."
Though she is posing nude, most lawyers said she is probably not breaking any obscenity law.
The girl, who doesn't want to be named but calls herself an "exhibitionist", tells The Straits Times that she is gunning for a book deal.
Date Posted: 6/15/2005
Sunday, June 19, 2005
为什么缺乏深层次的辩论?
不止新加坡,很多马来西亚人亦把一种语文(华、巫、英)当作谋生、经商、处理业务的工具。所以,他们的在这些语言上的学习、掌握和运用比较务实和偏向工具性。若语言之于他们仅仅停留在工具语言而非心灵语言的层次,没有进行深层次的辩论的能力,也不会太令人讶异。
新马的教育体制确实很难培养出独立思考与思辨能力强的人。没有思辨能力,不能独立思考,何来深层次的辩论?
===============================================
龙应台不久前说新加坡人对赌场问题的辩论还不够充分,我的理解是,她是在批评我们缺乏深层次与多元化的辩论。
过去,外人经常批评新加坡人对国家大事不开口,对政府的态度是:你办事,我放心;不然就是:你办事,我缄默。
我想起了邻国一个嘲笑新加坡的漫画,画的是有个外国游客在新加坡河老钓不到鱼,他问旁边的人这是什么缘故,回答是:新加坡的鱼都不开口。
这个漫画是嘲笑新加坡人不敢发表意见,更准确一点说是不敢发表跟政府不一致的意见,不敢唱反调。
这个讽刺未免过火,新加坡人现在比以往更敢于发表意见,即使是跟政府不一致的意见。然而,深层次的言论还是很少,即使是反对的意见,也几乎是千篇一律的,都是同一个腔调。
表面的原因有二:一是语文能力不强,华文英文都是半桶水,现在最普遍的是英文半桶水,华文仅有三分之一或四分之一桶水;二是从小就缺乏口才与思辨的训练。
很多新加坡人把一种语文当作谋生、经商、处理业务的工具,而没有将语文跟自己的民族感情联系,也没有将这种语文背后的历史文化吸收进自己的心灵。
无论对华文还是英文都是如此。换言之,就是只将英文或华文当作一种工具语文,而不是心灵语文。
一些英语讲得非常流利的新加坡人,对莎士比亚、萧伯纳、狄更斯、拜伦、雪莱、马克吐温、杰克伦敦、惠特曼知多少?同样的,一些华语讲得很流利的新加坡人,对中华文化的精深博大又体会多少?
没有进入一种语文的灵魂,就没法充分掌握这种语文的精妙,运用起这种语文来,无论是演讲还是写作,都很难做到得心应手,挥洒自如。
当我们羡慕李敖、陈文茜、龙应台这几位台湾名嘴名笔的文章、讲话文情并茂、生动深刻的时候,有没有想一想,他们用了多少心血,花了多少年的时间才把中文掌握得那么好?他们是将中文当作纯粹的工具语文还是心灵的语文?
更深层的原因是:我们的教育体制很难培养出独立思考与思辨能力强的人。长期以来,新加坡的教育体制是个“统一模型”,这个模型铸造出来的“产品”,能不千人一脸、千篇一律吗?请问,我们该怪产品还是模型?从根本上讲,应该改造的是模型。
现在,新加坡言论的尺度是更加宽松了,跟政府不一致(至少是不完全一致)的声音也能在报章上、电视与广播中出现。依我的理解,现在政府能容忍与容许“犯上”,但是绝不会允许“作乱”。你也可以偶尔“离经”,但是“叛道”还是不行的。
所以,从客观因素来讲,新加坡逐渐具备产生名嘴名笔的环境,也应该出现多些具有一定思想深度的言论。如果加上有人愿制造多些机会,让有独立思考与思辨能力,口才文才俱佳的才俊多亮相与发表具有深度的文章,新加坡也会拥有自己的名嘴名笔。
● 韩山元
·作者为退休新闻工作者
English translation by Yap Gee Poh available here
新马的教育体制确实很难培养出独立思考与思辨能力强的人。没有思辨能力,不能独立思考,何来深层次的辩论?
===============================================
龙应台不久前说新加坡人对赌场问题的辩论还不够充分,我的理解是,她是在批评我们缺乏深层次与多元化的辩论。
过去,外人经常批评新加坡人对国家大事不开口,对政府的态度是:你办事,我放心;不然就是:你办事,我缄默。
我想起了邻国一个嘲笑新加坡的漫画,画的是有个外国游客在新加坡河老钓不到鱼,他问旁边的人这是什么缘故,回答是:新加坡的鱼都不开口。
这个漫画是嘲笑新加坡人不敢发表意见,更准确一点说是不敢发表跟政府不一致的意见,不敢唱反调。
这个讽刺未免过火,新加坡人现在比以往更敢于发表意见,即使是跟政府不一致的意见。然而,深层次的言论还是很少,即使是反对的意见,也几乎是千篇一律的,都是同一个腔调。
表面的原因有二:一是语文能力不强,华文英文都是半桶水,现在最普遍的是英文半桶水,华文仅有三分之一或四分之一桶水;二是从小就缺乏口才与思辨的训练。
很多新加坡人把一种语文当作谋生、经商、处理业务的工具,而没有将语文跟自己的民族感情联系,也没有将这种语文背后的历史文化吸收进自己的心灵。
无论对华文还是英文都是如此。换言之,就是只将英文或华文当作一种工具语文,而不是心灵语文。
一些英语讲得非常流利的新加坡人,对莎士比亚、萧伯纳、狄更斯、拜伦、雪莱、马克吐温、杰克伦敦、惠特曼知多少?同样的,一些华语讲得很流利的新加坡人,对中华文化的精深博大又体会多少?
没有进入一种语文的灵魂,就没法充分掌握这种语文的精妙,运用起这种语文来,无论是演讲还是写作,都很难做到得心应手,挥洒自如。
当我们羡慕李敖、陈文茜、龙应台这几位台湾名嘴名笔的文章、讲话文情并茂、生动深刻的时候,有没有想一想,他们用了多少心血,花了多少年的时间才把中文掌握得那么好?他们是将中文当作纯粹的工具语文还是心灵的语文?
更深层的原因是:我们的教育体制很难培养出独立思考与思辨能力强的人。长期以来,新加坡的教育体制是个“统一模型”,这个模型铸造出来的“产品”,能不千人一脸、千篇一律吗?请问,我们该怪产品还是模型?从根本上讲,应该改造的是模型。
现在,新加坡言论的尺度是更加宽松了,跟政府不一致(至少是不完全一致)的声音也能在报章上、电视与广播中出现。依我的理解,现在政府能容忍与容许“犯上”,但是绝不会允许“作乱”。你也可以偶尔“离经”,但是“叛道”还是不行的。
所以,从客观因素来讲,新加坡逐渐具备产生名嘴名笔的环境,也应该出现多些具有一定思想深度的言论。如果加上有人愿制造多些机会,让有独立思考与思辨能力,口才文才俱佳的才俊多亮相与发表具有深度的文章,新加坡也会拥有自己的名嘴名笔。
● 韩山元
·作者为退休新闻工作者
English translation by Yap Gee Poh available here
China's secret internet police target critics with web of propaganda
Jonathan Watts in Beijing
Tuesday June 14, 2005
The Guardian
China's communist authorities have intensified their campaign against the party's biggest potential enemy - the internet - with the recruitment of a growing army of secret web commentators, sophisticated new monitoring software and a warning that all bloggers and bulletin board operators must register with the government or be closed down and fined.
The escalation of the government's effort to neutralise critical online opinion comes after a series of large anti-Japanese, anti-pollution and anti-corruption protests, many of which were organised or publicised using instant messaging services, chatrooms and text messages.
With the number of users forecast to rise above 100 million this year, access to the web is spreading beyond China's well-rewarded middle class and into the more disgruntled factory and farming communities, where young migrant workers are teaching their families about internet cafes.
In response, the propaganda departments of provincial and municipal governments have recently been instructed to build teams of internet commentators, whose job is to guide discussion on public bulletin boards away from politically sensitive topics by posting opinions anonymously or under false names.
Although advertisements are supposed to have been placed in-house, many details about the part-time political pacifiers have emerged in the domestic media. According to the Southern Weekend newspaper, a team of about 20 commentators has been operating in the city of Suqian, in Jiangsu province, since April.
"In the information age and the internet age, the most important and critical mission in front of us is how to seize the initiative on internet opinion and how to seize the high point of internet opinion," the paper quoted the deputy director of the local propaganda department, Zhang Fenglin, as saying.
Applicants for the job - mostly drawn from the propaganda and police departments - were told they had to understand government policies, know political theory, be politically reliable and understand internet technology. Successful candidates have been offered classes in Marxist theory, propaganda techniques and updates on the development of the internet around the world.
A summary of objectives declared that commentators should "be proactive in developing discussion, increase control, accentuate the good, avoid the bad, and use internet debate to our advantage." [More...]
Tuesday June 14, 2005
The Guardian
China's communist authorities have intensified their campaign against the party's biggest potential enemy - the internet - with the recruitment of a growing army of secret web commentators, sophisticated new monitoring software and a warning that all bloggers and bulletin board operators must register with the government or be closed down and fined.
The escalation of the government's effort to neutralise critical online opinion comes after a series of large anti-Japanese, anti-pollution and anti-corruption protests, many of which were organised or publicised using instant messaging services, chatrooms and text messages.
With the number of users forecast to rise above 100 million this year, access to the web is spreading beyond China's well-rewarded middle class and into the more disgruntled factory and farming communities, where young migrant workers are teaching their families about internet cafes.
In response, the propaganda departments of provincial and municipal governments have recently been instructed to build teams of internet commentators, whose job is to guide discussion on public bulletin boards away from politically sensitive topics by posting opinions anonymously or under false names.
Although advertisements are supposed to have been placed in-house, many details about the part-time political pacifiers have emerged in the domestic media. According to the Southern Weekend newspaper, a team of about 20 commentators has been operating in the city of Suqian, in Jiangsu province, since April.
"In the information age and the internet age, the most important and critical mission in front of us is how to seize the initiative on internet opinion and how to seize the high point of internet opinion," the paper quoted the deputy director of the local propaganda department, Zhang Fenglin, as saying.
Applicants for the job - mostly drawn from the propaganda and police departments - were told they had to understand government policies, know political theory, be politically reliable and understand internet technology. Successful candidates have been offered classes in Marxist theory, propaganda techniques and updates on the development of the internet around the world.
A summary of objectives declared that commentators should "be proactive in developing discussion, increase control, accentuate the good, avoid the bad, and use internet debate to our advantage." [More...]
Silver lining in a dark cloud: May 13 was not all bad news
● Raja Petra Kamarudin
This is what Puan Hajjah Marina Yusoff wrote on 11 June 2005 in her short press statement called ‘Thank you to the people of Pasar Chow Kit’:
Yesterday, at about 9.30am, I went to Pasar Chow Kit to buy some provisions. On my way out, I slipped and fell on my face, my head bearing the full brunt of my fall. I tried to get up but could not, so I just lay flat on the cement floor completely helpless.
Though dazed, I sensed a commotion around me. Apparently, the Chinese vendors, realising what had happened, had come to my aid.
One Chinese man picked me up from the floor while another quickly found a stool for me to sit on. Another propped me up by supporting my body as I was still very dazed and disoriented.
I could feel the blood oozing from my forehead trickling down to my face. People around me were fussing and wiping the blood with tissue. One Chinese lady helped clean my wound then applied medication to it to try to stop the bleeding. They also put some plaster on my wound.
I was overwhelmed by this demonstration of concern by total strangers. I being Malay and they Chinese was not at all an obstacle to their feelings of compassion for me. I felt so grateful and truly appreciated that all they were concerned about was that a fellow Malaysian was in distress and they sincerely wanted to assist.
Thank you so much all the wonderful people at Pasar Chow Kit. When I am feeling better, I will make a visit there to personally thank them. [More...]
This is what Puan Hajjah Marina Yusoff wrote on 11 June 2005 in her short press statement called ‘Thank you to the people of Pasar Chow Kit’:
Yesterday, at about 9.30am, I went to Pasar Chow Kit to buy some provisions. On my way out, I slipped and fell on my face, my head bearing the full brunt of my fall. I tried to get up but could not, so I just lay flat on the cement floor completely helpless.
Though dazed, I sensed a commotion around me. Apparently, the Chinese vendors, realising what had happened, had come to my aid.
One Chinese man picked me up from the floor while another quickly found a stool for me to sit on. Another propped me up by supporting my body as I was still very dazed and disoriented.
I could feel the blood oozing from my forehead trickling down to my face. People around me were fussing and wiping the blood with tissue. One Chinese lady helped clean my wound then applied medication to it to try to stop the bleeding. They also put some plaster on my wound.
I was overwhelmed by this demonstration of concern by total strangers. I being Malay and they Chinese was not at all an obstacle to their feelings of compassion for me. I felt so grateful and truly appreciated that all they were concerned about was that a fellow Malaysian was in distress and they sincerely wanted to assist.
Thank you so much all the wonderful people at Pasar Chow Kit. When I am feeling better, I will make a visit there to personally thank them. [More...]
Thursday, June 16, 2005
生于安乐,死于忧患? - 探视新加坡人的“冷漠”
几年前,在新加坡总理吴作栋国庆日的献词中,我读出了新加坡精英领导层背后的居安思危。当时的我,想象着新加坡人民是幸福的。我把“新加坡”和“居安思危”划上等号。
对新加坡有了更深一层的了解后,读完了《探视新加坡人的“冷漠”》一文,不知怎地,我只想到“生于忧患 死于安乐”这八个字!
未来的新加坡,会不会“生于安乐,死于忧患?”,取决于它的人民。
===============================================
《早报·言论》版6月7日《新加坡人何以如此冷漠》一文,把一个其实已冰冻三尺的现象再次浮现出来,本文是对新加坡人的“冷漠”作进一步探视。
最常见的分析,是把如今新加坡人的“冷漠”归咎于高度物质化社会生活带来的负面结果。这类分析,主要是根据人们在物质追求上以务实为名义而导致精神上出现某些盲点,当人们似乎只有一种唯物质至上的生活目的时,心态很容易使人过于着重利益得失而忽略了人情味。这类分析有一定的针对性和准确性,但我认为还不是新加坡人越来越“冷漠”的唯一背景因素。
把“冷漠”两字加上括号,因为我认为新加坡人的“冷漠”并非因为感情肃杀而导致的性情冷漠,我们没这种真正冷漠的背景。假如说一个曾在东柏林、阿富汗、伊拉克、波兰或车臣经历过生命流离颠簸的人心态冷漠,那倒是可信的。
是一种感情的疲惫
新加坡人的“冷漠”,其实是有好几种心理因素掺混在一起的感情疲惫。国人也不是不知道的。只是再疲惫仍不得不把现状维持下去,日子一久,在认知上除了从物质利益里得到满足及需要之外,对其它就没多大兴趣了。
这种心态,除了切身利益,一切认为与己无关的事都提不起兴趣,性情也变得缺乏耐性,就算在有需要的场合,就连动用一下自己的人情味都觉得没必要,或许连礼貌都懒了,这才给人觉得“冷漠”。
上面说除了社会物化价值观影响,仍有些掺混因素使得新加坡人感情疲惫,现探视如下。
一:欠缺自我补充精神质量的能力。
并非所有新加坡人都如此,但大部分人在补充自我精神质量的能力上,确实显得无能,也认为无此必要。多年来我国鼓励文化,口号几乎用尽,但成绩如何?真正接触艺术的国人几乎就是那个熟悉群体,更别说其他更深的精神探讨了。
假如不是固定范围固定人数而是在大街上做流水读书调查那将是件大家都脸红尴尬的事。大部分国人的精神内容大概就是从电视和娱乐得来,这也难怪他们,一天疲劳工作之后假如没有更大驱动力又如何能作自我补充?
大部分国人的精神质量,基本铺垫大概就是所受过教育在毕业后还能剩下的东西,而这些“剩下”的真善美德等等价值观,经过每次“现实教训”就会消减或淘汰一些。国人没再自发性去作补充,因为很多人仍不认为靠补充精神质量就能给自己带来多少实际的增益。结果时间越耗越少,无可奈何的落后感也越积越多,生活只求维持,最终是放弃对精神质量的任何追求,生活继续单调,性格欠缺热情。
对生活欠缺创造力
二:对生活以至生命欠缺真正理解能力。
有人说新加坡人没生活,只有“干”活,这话正好说明新加坡人生存能力在哪里?那就是“干”活。一个无法不以都市经济模式营运的社会,更处处让国人深信生活和生命意义就在于猛干。对此“天经地义”之事国人是从不怀疑的。
“能干”多久就多久才是实际。长期活在这么一种狭隘的生命价值观里,精神领域又不阔,唯一能信任的就是一切以利益目的能否实现的成功主义。甚至有些人你问他成功之后还想要什么他也答不上来,并且除此之外他对其他也实在提不起兴趣。日子久了,心理盲点累积越多,拼命“干”就是唯一的“充实”方式,这样心态的人,除非发生的人与事牵涉到他“干活”的利害,不然他也是没多少兴趣的。
三:情感惯于依赖,对生活欠缺创造力。
新加坡人被动惯了,也许自己不发觉,但人们其实已很习惯这个被动。个性被动的结果,就是容易认同一切的理所当然,就连对生活处处原本应有自己的参与,及在应该表示自己情感及自己主见之处,也是一副“候观其变”的被动形态。
假如他能大吼大叫其实还是有救的,就怕连这个也懒于例会。对自己生活欠缺重新创造能力,那么就只能是个依赖大气候里安排好的、不懂活泼的、情感被动的人。情感越是被动的人,生活上的自觉性及自发性运用得少,日子久了,所能发挥及动用的情感也日渐浅少,这样的人在生活态度上也给人“冷漠”感觉。
总之新加坡人的“冷漠”不只是表象问题,唯有抽丝剥茧面对问题核心,才能对症下药。
● 吴韦材
对新加坡有了更深一层的了解后,读完了《探视新加坡人的“冷漠”》一文,不知怎地,我只想到“生于忧患 死于安乐”这八个字!
未来的新加坡,会不会“生于安乐,死于忧患?”,取决于它的人民。
===============================================
《早报·言论》版6月7日《新加坡人何以如此冷漠》一文,把一个其实已冰冻三尺的现象再次浮现出来,本文是对新加坡人的“冷漠”作进一步探视。
最常见的分析,是把如今新加坡人的“冷漠”归咎于高度物质化社会生活带来的负面结果。这类分析,主要是根据人们在物质追求上以务实为名义而导致精神上出现某些盲点,当人们似乎只有一种唯物质至上的生活目的时,心态很容易使人过于着重利益得失而忽略了人情味。这类分析有一定的针对性和准确性,但我认为还不是新加坡人越来越“冷漠”的唯一背景因素。
把“冷漠”两字加上括号,因为我认为新加坡人的“冷漠”并非因为感情肃杀而导致的性情冷漠,我们没这种真正冷漠的背景。假如说一个曾在东柏林、阿富汗、伊拉克、波兰或车臣经历过生命流离颠簸的人心态冷漠,那倒是可信的。
是一种感情的疲惫
新加坡人的“冷漠”,其实是有好几种心理因素掺混在一起的感情疲惫。国人也不是不知道的。只是再疲惫仍不得不把现状维持下去,日子一久,在认知上除了从物质利益里得到满足及需要之外,对其它就没多大兴趣了。
这种心态,除了切身利益,一切认为与己无关的事都提不起兴趣,性情也变得缺乏耐性,就算在有需要的场合,就连动用一下自己的人情味都觉得没必要,或许连礼貌都懒了,这才给人觉得“冷漠”。
上面说除了社会物化价值观影响,仍有些掺混因素使得新加坡人感情疲惫,现探视如下。
一:欠缺自我补充精神质量的能力。
并非所有新加坡人都如此,但大部分人在补充自我精神质量的能力上,确实显得无能,也认为无此必要。多年来我国鼓励文化,口号几乎用尽,但成绩如何?真正接触艺术的国人几乎就是那个熟悉群体,更别说其他更深的精神探讨了。
假如不是固定范围固定人数而是在大街上做流水读书调查那将是件大家都脸红尴尬的事。大部分国人的精神内容大概就是从电视和娱乐得来,这也难怪他们,一天疲劳工作之后假如没有更大驱动力又如何能作自我补充?
大部分国人的精神质量,基本铺垫大概就是所受过教育在毕业后还能剩下的东西,而这些“剩下”的真善美德等等价值观,经过每次“现实教训”就会消减或淘汰一些。国人没再自发性去作补充,因为很多人仍不认为靠补充精神质量就能给自己带来多少实际的增益。结果时间越耗越少,无可奈何的落后感也越积越多,生活只求维持,最终是放弃对精神质量的任何追求,生活继续单调,性格欠缺热情。
对生活欠缺创造力
二:对生活以至生命欠缺真正理解能力。
有人说新加坡人没生活,只有“干”活,这话正好说明新加坡人生存能力在哪里?那就是“干”活。一个无法不以都市经济模式营运的社会,更处处让国人深信生活和生命意义就在于猛干。对此“天经地义”之事国人是从不怀疑的。
“能干”多久就多久才是实际。长期活在这么一种狭隘的生命价值观里,精神领域又不阔,唯一能信任的就是一切以利益目的能否实现的成功主义。甚至有些人你问他成功之后还想要什么他也答不上来,并且除此之外他对其他也实在提不起兴趣。日子久了,心理盲点累积越多,拼命“干”就是唯一的“充实”方式,这样心态的人,除非发生的人与事牵涉到他“干活”的利害,不然他也是没多少兴趣的。
三:情感惯于依赖,对生活欠缺创造力。
新加坡人被动惯了,也许自己不发觉,但人们其实已很习惯这个被动。个性被动的结果,就是容易认同一切的理所当然,就连对生活处处原本应有自己的参与,及在应该表示自己情感及自己主见之处,也是一副“候观其变”的被动形态。
假如他能大吼大叫其实还是有救的,就怕连这个也懒于例会。对自己生活欠缺重新创造能力,那么就只能是个依赖大气候里安排好的、不懂活泼的、情感被动的人。情感越是被动的人,生活上的自觉性及自发性运用得少,日子久了,所能发挥及动用的情感也日渐浅少,这样的人在生活态度上也给人“冷漠”感觉。
总之新加坡人的“冷漠”不只是表象问题,唯有抽丝剥茧面对问题核心,才能对症下药。
● 吴韦材
生于忧患,死于安乐
原文
舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之中,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。
人恒过,然后能改;困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患,而死于安乐也。
《孟子》
===============================================
译文
舜从田野之中被任用,傅说从筑墙工作中被举用,胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的工作中被举用,管夷吾从狱官手里释放后被举用为相,孙叔敖从海边被举用进了朝廷,百里奚从市井中被举用登上了相位。
所以上天将要降落重大责任在这样的人身上,一定要道先使他的内心痛苦,使他的筋骨劳累,使他经受饥饿,以致肌肤消瘦,使他受贫困之苦,使他做的事颠倒错乱,总不如意,通过那些来使他的内心警觉,使他的性格坚定,增加他不具备的才能。
人经常犯错误,然后才能改正;内心困苦,思虑阻塞,然后才能有所作为;这一切表现到脸色上,抒发到言语中,然后才被人了解。在一个国内如果没有坚持法度的世臣和辅佐君主的贤士,在国外如果没有敌对国家和外患,便经常导致灭亡。
这就可以说明,忧愁患害可以使人生存,而安逸享乐使人萎靡死亡。
《生于忧患,死于安乐》全
舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之中,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。
人恒过,然后能改;困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患,而死于安乐也。
《孟子》
===============================================
译文
舜从田野之中被任用,傅说从筑墙工作中被举用,胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的工作中被举用,管夷吾从狱官手里释放后被举用为相,孙叔敖从海边被举用进了朝廷,百里奚从市井中被举用登上了相位。
所以上天将要降落重大责任在这样的人身上,一定要道先使他的内心痛苦,使他的筋骨劳累,使他经受饥饿,以致肌肤消瘦,使他受贫困之苦,使他做的事颠倒错乱,总不如意,通过那些来使他的内心警觉,使他的性格坚定,增加他不具备的才能。
人经常犯错误,然后才能改正;内心困苦,思虑阻塞,然后才能有所作为;这一切表现到脸色上,抒发到言语中,然后才被人了解。在一个国内如果没有坚持法度的世臣和辅佐君主的贤士,在国外如果没有敌对国家和外患,便经常导致灭亡。
这就可以说明,忧愁患害可以使人生存,而安逸享乐使人萎靡死亡。
《生于忧患,死于安乐》全
Monday, June 13, 2005
What you are is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God
FOLLOWING IS A GREAT SPEECH MADE RECENTLY BY CARLY FIORINA, FORMER CEO OF HP - THE BEST I HAVE HEARD FROM ANYONE IN THE BIZ WORLD.
Here's what she told the graduates and their guests at the North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University on May 7
Thank you, Chancellor, and good morning. I'd like to join Chancellor Renick in welcoming all of you to the 114th commencement exercises of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.
My fellow job seekers : I am honored to be among the first to congratulate you on completing your years at North Carolina A&T. But all of you should know: as Mother's Day gifts go, this one is going to be tough to beat in the years ahead. The purpose of a commencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. But the older I get, the more I realize that the most important wisdom I've learned in life has come from my mother and my father.
Before we go any further, let's hear it one more time for your mothers and mother figures, fathers and father figures, family, and friends in the audience today. When I first received the invitation to speak here, I was the CEO of an $80 billion Fortune 11 company with 145,000 employees in 178 countries around the world. I held that job for nearly six years. It was also a company that hired its fair share of graduates from North Carolina A&T. You could always tell who they were. For some reason, they were the ones that had stickers on their desks that read, " Beat the Eagles. " But as you may have heard, I don't have that job anymore. After the news of my departure broke, I called the school, and asked: do you still want me to come and be your commencement speaker? Chancellor Renick put my fears to rest. He said, " Carly, if anything, you probably have more in common with these students now than you did before. " And he's right. After all, I've been working on my resume. I've been lining up my references. I bought a new interview suit. If there are any recruiters here, I'll be free around 11. I want to thank you for having me anyway. This is the first public appearance I've made since I left HP. I wanted very much to be here because this school has always been set apart by something that I've believed very deeply; something that takes me back to the earliest memories I have in life.
One day at church, my mother gave me a small coaster with a saying on it. During my entire childhood, I kept this saying in front of me on a small desk in my room. In fact, I can still show you that coaster today. It says : " What you are is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God. " Those words have had a huge impact on me to this day. What this school and I believe in very deeply is that when we think about our lives, we shouldn't be limited by other people's stereotypes or bigotry. Instead, we should be motivated by our own sense of possibility. We should be motivated by our own sense of accomplishment. We should be motivated by what we believe we can become. Jesse Jackson has taught us; Ronald McNair taught us; the Greensboro Four taught us; that the people who focus on possibilities achieve much more in life than people who focus on limitations.
The question for all of you today is : how will you define what you make of yourself? To me, what you make of yourself is actually two questions. There's the "you" that people see on the outside. And that's how most people will judge you, because it's all they can see - what you become in life, whether you were made President of this, or CEO of that, the visible you. But then, there's the invisible you, the "you" on the inside. That's the person that only you and God can see. For 25 years, when people have asked me for career advice, what I always tell them is don't give up what you have inside. Never sell your soul - because no one can ever pay you back. What I mean by not selling your soul is don't be someone you're not, don't be less than you are, don't give up what you believe, because whatever the consequences that may seem scary or bad -- whatever the consequences of staying true to yourself are -- they are much better than the consequences of selling your soul.
You have been tested mightily in your life to get to this moment. And all of you know much better than I do: from the moment you leave this campus, you will be tested. You will be tested because you won't fit some people's pre-conceived notions or stereotypes of what you're supposed to be, of who you're supposed to be. People will have stereotypes of what you can or can't do, of what you will or won't do, of what you should or shouldn't do. But they only have power over you if you let them have power over you. They can only have control if you let them have control, if you give up what's inside.
I speak from experience. I've been there. I've been there, in admittedly vastly different ways -- and in many ways, in the fears in my heart, exactly the same places. The truth is I've struggled to have that sense of control since the day I left college. I was afraid the day I graduated from college. I was afraid of what people would think. Afraid I couldn't measure up. I was afraid of making the wrong choices. I was afraid of disappointing the people who had worked so hard to send me to college. I had graduated with a degree in medieval history and philosophy. If you had a job that required knowledge of Copernicus or 12th Century European monks, I was your person. But that job market wasn't very strong. So, I was planning to go to law school, not because it was a lifelong dream - because I thought it was expected of me. Because I realized that I could never be the artist my mother was, so I would try to be the lawyer my father was. So, I went off to law school. For the first three months, I barely slept. I had a blinding headache every day. And I can tell you exactly which shower tile I was looking at in my parent's bathroom on a trip home when it hit me like a lightning bolt. This is my life. I can do what I want. I have control. I walked downstairs and said, " I quit. "
I will give my parents credit in some ways. That was 1976. They could have said, " Oh well, you can get married. " Instead, they said, " We're worried that you'll never amount to anything. " It took me a while to prove them wrong. My first job was working for a brokerage firm. I had a title. It was not "VP." It was "receptionist." I answered phones, I typed, I filed. I did that for a year. And then, I went and lived in Italy, teaching English to Italian businessmen and their families. I discovered that I liked business. I liked the pragmatism of it; the pace of it. Even though it hadn't been my goal, I became a businessperson. I like big challenges, and the career path I chose for myself at the beginning was in one of the most male-dominated professions in America. I went to work for AT&T. It didn't take me long to realize that there were many people there who didn't have my best interests at heart. I began my career as a first level sales person within AT&T's long lines department. Now, "long lines" is what we used to call the long distance business, but I used to refer to the management team at AT&T as the "42 longs" - which was their suit size, and all those suits - and faces - looked the same.
I'll never forget the first time my boss at the time introduced me to a client. With a straight face, he said " this is Carly Fiorina, our token bimbo. " I laughed, I did my best to dazzle the client, and then I went to the boss when the meeting was over and said, " You will never do that to me again. "
In those early days, I was put in a program at the time called the Management Development Program. It was sort of an accelerated up-or-out program, and I was thrown into the middle of a group of all male sales managers who had been there quite a long time, and they thought it was their job to show me a thing or two. A client was coming to town and we had decided that we were getting together for lunch to introduce me to this customer who was important to one of my accounts. Now the day before this meeting was to occur, one of my male colleagues came to me and said, "You know, Carly, I'm really sorry. I know we've had this planned for a long time, but this customer has a favorite restaurant here in Washington, D.C., and they really want to go to that restaurant, and we need to do what the customer wants, and so I don't think you'll be able to join us." "Why is that?" I asked.
Well, the restaurant was called the Board Room. Now, the Board Room back then was a restaurant on Vermont Avenue in Washington, D.C., and it was a strip club. In fact, it was famous because the young women who worked there would wear these completely see-through baby doll negligees, and they would dance on top of the tables while the patrons ate lunch. The customer wanted to go there, and so my male colleagues were going there. So I thought about it for about two hours. I remember sitting in the ladies room thinking, "Oh God, what am I going to do? And finally I came back and said, "You know, I hope it won't make you too uncomfortable, but I think I'm going to come to lunch anyway."
Now, I have to tell you I was scared to death. So the morning arrived when I had to go to the Board Room and meet my client, and I chose my outfit carefully. I dressed in my most conservative suit. I carried a briefcase like a shield of honor. I got in a cab. When I told the taxi driver where I wanted to go he whipped around in his seat and said, "You're kidding right?" I think he thought I was a new act. In any event, I arrived, I got out, I took a deep breath, I straightened my bow tie, and went in the door - and you have to picture this - I go into the door, there's a long bar down one side, there's a stage right in front of me, and my colleagues are sitting way on the other side of the room. And there's a live act going on the stage. The only way I could get to them was to walk along that stage. I did. I looked like a complete idiot. I sat down, we had lunch.
Now, there are two ends to that story. One is that my male colleagues never did that to me again. But the other end to the story, which I still find inspiring, is that all throughout lunch they kept trying to get those young women to dance in their negligees on top of our table -- and every one of those young women came over, looked the situation over and said, "Not until the lady leaves."
It even followed me to HP. As you may know, the legend of HP is that it began in a garage. When I took over, we launched a get-back-to-basics campaign we called "the rules of the garage." A fellow CEO at a competitor saw that and decided to do a skit about me. In front of the entire financial analyst and media community, he had an actress come out with blond hair and long red nails and flashy clothes, and had a garage fall on her head. It made big headlines locally. It made me feel a lot like the "token bimbo" all over again.
I know all of you have your own stories. When you challenge other people's ideas of who or how you should be, they may try to diminish and disgrace you. It can happen in small ways in hidden places, or in big ways on a world stage. You can spend a lifetime resenting the tests, angry about the slights and the injustices. Or, you can rise above it. People's ideas and fears can make them small - but they cannot make you small. People's prejudices can diminish them - but they cannot diminish you. Small-minded people can think they determine your worth. But only you can determine your worth. At every step along the way, your soul will be tested. Every test you pass will make you stronger. But let's not be nave. Sometimes, there are consequences to not selling your soul. Sometimes, there are consequences to staying true to what you believe. And sometimes, those consequences are very difficult. But as long as you understand the consequences and accept the consequences, you are not only stronger as a result, you're more at peace.
Many people have asked me how I feel now that I've lost my job. The truth is, I'm proud of the life I've lived so far, and though I've made my share of mistakes, I have no regrets. The worst thing I could have imagined happened. I lost my job in the most public way possible, and the press had a field day with it all over the world. And guess what? I'm still here. I am at peace and my soul is intact. I could have given it away and the story would be different. But I heard the word of Scripture in my head: "What benefit will it be to you if you gain the whole world, but lose your soul?" When people have stereotypes of what you can't do, show them what you can do. When they have stereotypes of what you won't do, show them what you will do. Every time you pass these tests, you learn more about yourself. Every time you resist someone else's smaller notion of who you really are, you test your courage and your endurance. Each time you endure, and stay true to yourself, you become stronger and better.
I do not know any of you personally. But as a businessperson and a former CEO, I know that people who have learned to overcome much can achieve more than people who've never been tested. And I do know that this school has prepared you well. After all, North Carolina A&T graduates more African Americans with engineering degrees than any other school in the United States. It graduates more African American technology professionals than any other school. It graduates more African American women who go into careers in science, math, and technology than any other school. Your motto is right: North Carolina A&T is truly a national resource and a local treasure. And Aggie Pride is not just a slogan - it's a hard-earned fact!
Never sell your education short. And the fact that this school believed in you means you should never sell yourself short. What I have learned in 25 years of managing people is that everyone possesses more potential than they realize. Living life defined by your own sense of possibility, not by others notions of limitations, is the path to success.
Starting today, you are one of the most promising things America has to offer : you are an Aggie with a degree. My hope is that you live life defined by your own sense of possibility, your own sense of worth, your own sense of your soul. Define yourself for yourself, not by how others are going to define you - and then stick to it. Find your own internal compass. I use the term compass, because what does a compass do? When the winds are howling, and the storm raging, and the sky is so cloudy you have nothing to navigate by, a compass tells you where true North is. And I think when you are in a lonely situation, you have to rely on that compass. Who am I? What do I believe? Do I believe I am doing the right thing for the right reason in the best way that I can? Sometimes, that's all you have. And always, it will be enough. Most people will judge you by what they see on the outside. Only you and God will know what's on the inside. But at the end of your life, if people ask you what your greatest accomplishment was, my guess is, it will be something that happened inside you, that no one else ever saw, something that had nothing to do with outside success, and everything to do with how you decide to live in the world.
What you are today is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God. He is waiting for that gift right now. Make it something extraordinary.
Here's what she told the graduates and their guests at the North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University on May 7
Thank you, Chancellor, and good morning. I'd like to join Chancellor Renick in welcoming all of you to the 114th commencement exercises of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.
My fellow job seekers : I am honored to be among the first to congratulate you on completing your years at North Carolina A&T. But all of you should know: as Mother's Day gifts go, this one is going to be tough to beat in the years ahead. The purpose of a commencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. But the older I get, the more I realize that the most important wisdom I've learned in life has come from my mother and my father.
Before we go any further, let's hear it one more time for your mothers and mother figures, fathers and father figures, family, and friends in the audience today. When I first received the invitation to speak here, I was the CEO of an $80 billion Fortune 11 company with 145,000 employees in 178 countries around the world. I held that job for nearly six years. It was also a company that hired its fair share of graduates from North Carolina A&T. You could always tell who they were. For some reason, they were the ones that had stickers on their desks that read, " Beat the Eagles. " But as you may have heard, I don't have that job anymore. After the news of my departure broke, I called the school, and asked: do you still want me to come and be your commencement speaker? Chancellor Renick put my fears to rest. He said, " Carly, if anything, you probably have more in common with these students now than you did before. " And he's right. After all, I've been working on my resume. I've been lining up my references. I bought a new interview suit. If there are any recruiters here, I'll be free around 11. I want to thank you for having me anyway. This is the first public appearance I've made since I left HP. I wanted very much to be here because this school has always been set apart by something that I've believed very deeply; something that takes me back to the earliest memories I have in life.
One day at church, my mother gave me a small coaster with a saying on it. During my entire childhood, I kept this saying in front of me on a small desk in my room. In fact, I can still show you that coaster today. It says : " What you are is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God. " Those words have had a huge impact on me to this day. What this school and I believe in very deeply is that when we think about our lives, we shouldn't be limited by other people's stereotypes or bigotry. Instead, we should be motivated by our own sense of possibility. We should be motivated by our own sense of accomplishment. We should be motivated by what we believe we can become. Jesse Jackson has taught us; Ronald McNair taught us; the Greensboro Four taught us; that the people who focus on possibilities achieve much more in life than people who focus on limitations.
The question for all of you today is : how will you define what you make of yourself? To me, what you make of yourself is actually two questions. There's the "you" that people see on the outside. And that's how most people will judge you, because it's all they can see - what you become in life, whether you were made President of this, or CEO of that, the visible you. But then, there's the invisible you, the "you" on the inside. That's the person that only you and God can see. For 25 years, when people have asked me for career advice, what I always tell them is don't give up what you have inside. Never sell your soul - because no one can ever pay you back. What I mean by not selling your soul is don't be someone you're not, don't be less than you are, don't give up what you believe, because whatever the consequences that may seem scary or bad -- whatever the consequences of staying true to yourself are -- they are much better than the consequences of selling your soul.
You have been tested mightily in your life to get to this moment. And all of you know much better than I do: from the moment you leave this campus, you will be tested. You will be tested because you won't fit some people's pre-conceived notions or stereotypes of what you're supposed to be, of who you're supposed to be. People will have stereotypes of what you can or can't do, of what you will or won't do, of what you should or shouldn't do. But they only have power over you if you let them have power over you. They can only have control if you let them have control, if you give up what's inside.
I speak from experience. I've been there. I've been there, in admittedly vastly different ways -- and in many ways, in the fears in my heart, exactly the same places. The truth is I've struggled to have that sense of control since the day I left college. I was afraid the day I graduated from college. I was afraid of what people would think. Afraid I couldn't measure up. I was afraid of making the wrong choices. I was afraid of disappointing the people who had worked so hard to send me to college. I had graduated with a degree in medieval history and philosophy. If you had a job that required knowledge of Copernicus or 12th Century European monks, I was your person. But that job market wasn't very strong. So, I was planning to go to law school, not because it was a lifelong dream - because I thought it was expected of me. Because I realized that I could never be the artist my mother was, so I would try to be the lawyer my father was. So, I went off to law school. For the first three months, I barely slept. I had a blinding headache every day. And I can tell you exactly which shower tile I was looking at in my parent's bathroom on a trip home when it hit me like a lightning bolt. This is my life. I can do what I want. I have control. I walked downstairs and said, " I quit. "
I will give my parents credit in some ways. That was 1976. They could have said, " Oh well, you can get married. " Instead, they said, " We're worried that you'll never amount to anything. " It took me a while to prove them wrong. My first job was working for a brokerage firm. I had a title. It was not "VP." It was "receptionist." I answered phones, I typed, I filed. I did that for a year. And then, I went and lived in Italy, teaching English to Italian businessmen and their families. I discovered that I liked business. I liked the pragmatism of it; the pace of it. Even though it hadn't been my goal, I became a businessperson. I like big challenges, and the career path I chose for myself at the beginning was in one of the most male-dominated professions in America. I went to work for AT&T. It didn't take me long to realize that there were many people there who didn't have my best interests at heart. I began my career as a first level sales person within AT&T's long lines department. Now, "long lines" is what we used to call the long distance business, but I used to refer to the management team at AT&T as the "42 longs" - which was their suit size, and all those suits - and faces - looked the same.
I'll never forget the first time my boss at the time introduced me to a client. With a straight face, he said " this is Carly Fiorina, our token bimbo. " I laughed, I did my best to dazzle the client, and then I went to the boss when the meeting was over and said, " You will never do that to me again. "
In those early days, I was put in a program at the time called the Management Development Program. It was sort of an accelerated up-or-out program, and I was thrown into the middle of a group of all male sales managers who had been there quite a long time, and they thought it was their job to show me a thing or two. A client was coming to town and we had decided that we were getting together for lunch to introduce me to this customer who was important to one of my accounts. Now the day before this meeting was to occur, one of my male colleagues came to me and said, "You know, Carly, I'm really sorry. I know we've had this planned for a long time, but this customer has a favorite restaurant here in Washington, D.C., and they really want to go to that restaurant, and we need to do what the customer wants, and so I don't think you'll be able to join us." "Why is that?" I asked.
Well, the restaurant was called the Board Room. Now, the Board Room back then was a restaurant on Vermont Avenue in Washington, D.C., and it was a strip club. In fact, it was famous because the young women who worked there would wear these completely see-through baby doll negligees, and they would dance on top of the tables while the patrons ate lunch. The customer wanted to go there, and so my male colleagues were going there. So I thought about it for about two hours. I remember sitting in the ladies room thinking, "Oh God, what am I going to do? And finally I came back and said, "You know, I hope it won't make you too uncomfortable, but I think I'm going to come to lunch anyway."
Now, I have to tell you I was scared to death. So the morning arrived when I had to go to the Board Room and meet my client, and I chose my outfit carefully. I dressed in my most conservative suit. I carried a briefcase like a shield of honor. I got in a cab. When I told the taxi driver where I wanted to go he whipped around in his seat and said, "You're kidding right?" I think he thought I was a new act. In any event, I arrived, I got out, I took a deep breath, I straightened my bow tie, and went in the door - and you have to picture this - I go into the door, there's a long bar down one side, there's a stage right in front of me, and my colleagues are sitting way on the other side of the room. And there's a live act going on the stage. The only way I could get to them was to walk along that stage. I did. I looked like a complete idiot. I sat down, we had lunch.
Now, there are two ends to that story. One is that my male colleagues never did that to me again. But the other end to the story, which I still find inspiring, is that all throughout lunch they kept trying to get those young women to dance in their negligees on top of our table -- and every one of those young women came over, looked the situation over and said, "Not until the lady leaves."
It even followed me to HP. As you may know, the legend of HP is that it began in a garage. When I took over, we launched a get-back-to-basics campaign we called "the rules of the garage." A fellow CEO at a competitor saw that and decided to do a skit about me. In front of the entire financial analyst and media community, he had an actress come out with blond hair and long red nails and flashy clothes, and had a garage fall on her head. It made big headlines locally. It made me feel a lot like the "token bimbo" all over again.
I know all of you have your own stories. When you challenge other people's ideas of who or how you should be, they may try to diminish and disgrace you. It can happen in small ways in hidden places, or in big ways on a world stage. You can spend a lifetime resenting the tests, angry about the slights and the injustices. Or, you can rise above it. People's ideas and fears can make them small - but they cannot make you small. People's prejudices can diminish them - but they cannot diminish you. Small-minded people can think they determine your worth. But only you can determine your worth. At every step along the way, your soul will be tested. Every test you pass will make you stronger. But let's not be nave. Sometimes, there are consequences to not selling your soul. Sometimes, there are consequences to staying true to what you believe. And sometimes, those consequences are very difficult. But as long as you understand the consequences and accept the consequences, you are not only stronger as a result, you're more at peace.
Many people have asked me how I feel now that I've lost my job. The truth is, I'm proud of the life I've lived so far, and though I've made my share of mistakes, I have no regrets. The worst thing I could have imagined happened. I lost my job in the most public way possible, and the press had a field day with it all over the world. And guess what? I'm still here. I am at peace and my soul is intact. I could have given it away and the story would be different. But I heard the word of Scripture in my head: "What benefit will it be to you if you gain the whole world, but lose your soul?" When people have stereotypes of what you can't do, show them what you can do. When they have stereotypes of what you won't do, show them what you will do. Every time you pass these tests, you learn more about yourself. Every time you resist someone else's smaller notion of who you really are, you test your courage and your endurance. Each time you endure, and stay true to yourself, you become stronger and better.
I do not know any of you personally. But as a businessperson and a former CEO, I know that people who have learned to overcome much can achieve more than people who've never been tested. And I do know that this school has prepared you well. After all, North Carolina A&T graduates more African Americans with engineering degrees than any other school in the United States. It graduates more African American technology professionals than any other school. It graduates more African American women who go into careers in science, math, and technology than any other school. Your motto is right: North Carolina A&T is truly a national resource and a local treasure. And Aggie Pride is not just a slogan - it's a hard-earned fact!
Never sell your education short. And the fact that this school believed in you means you should never sell yourself short. What I have learned in 25 years of managing people is that everyone possesses more potential than they realize. Living life defined by your own sense of possibility, not by others notions of limitations, is the path to success.
Starting today, you are one of the most promising things America has to offer : you are an Aggie with a degree. My hope is that you live life defined by your own sense of possibility, your own sense of worth, your own sense of your soul. Define yourself for yourself, not by how others are going to define you - and then stick to it. Find your own internal compass. I use the term compass, because what does a compass do? When the winds are howling, and the storm raging, and the sky is so cloudy you have nothing to navigate by, a compass tells you where true North is. And I think when you are in a lonely situation, you have to rely on that compass. Who am I? What do I believe? Do I believe I am doing the right thing for the right reason in the best way that I can? Sometimes, that's all you have. And always, it will be enough. Most people will judge you by what they see on the outside. Only you and God will know what's on the inside. But at the end of your life, if people ask you what your greatest accomplishment was, my guess is, it will be something that happened inside you, that no one else ever saw, something that had nothing to do with outside success, and everything to do with how you decide to live in the world.
What you are today is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God. He is waiting for that gift right now. Make it something extraordinary.
Sunday, June 12, 2005
学习语文十二字诀——我学华英双语的体验
据《联合早报》(2005年6月3日)的头条新闻报道:内阁资政李光耀在《学语致用——李光耀华语学习心得》这部新书的发布会上,以王长胜苦学华语的经验,劝请讲英语的父母让孩子从小就学好华语,使他们终身不忘。
王长胜是资源企业融资公司的副董事长。他说:“跟一般新加坡人一样,我很迟才发现自己的华文水平不够,所以每天都读华文报,还拿着字典自己翻译,慢慢的学。”
我的华英双语也是靠在翻译方面所下的苦功,逐渐提升起来的。由于家境不佳,我在50年代的学生时期,除了当补习教师之外,也经常利用时间空挡,翻译文章投给华文报发表,赚点稿费当零用钱。
我的英文稿源是有名的时事、科学和综合杂志如:《经济学家》周刊(The Economist)、《新政治家》(The New Statesman)、BBC 的《听众周刊》(The Listener)、《读者文摘》、《科学文摘》和当时在英国出版的《东方世界》(The Eastern World)等。
买5分钱旧杂志来翻译
由于这类杂志都很贵,不是我这个清寒学生所买得起的,我就经常到当时很出名的旧货市场“淡水河”(又称“结霜桥”)的旧书摊去选购一本只卖5分钱的旧杂志。一买就是好几本。
满载而归后,我一有时间,就从中选读没有时间性的文章,然后挑选出来翻译。我必须看了好几篇,才能选出适当的一篇来翻译。进行翻译时,我又必须精读英文原稿,充分了解每个句子的意思后,才敢下笔翻译。这个道理很简单:如果自己连原文也看不懂,怎能使读者看懂翻译出来的东西呢?
在这彻底精读的过程中,由华校小学转入英校的我,在英文方面,苦学磨练,经过一段时间后,英文程度突飞猛进。
我这个华校生,初时英文不如英校生,还被英校同学讥笑我为“财纳满”(Chinaman,中国佬),我知道他们并没有恶意,只是开我的玩笑而已。经过这个玩笑给我的刺激,我下定决心,苦修英文,不断进行这种磨练。之后,我的英文终于赶上并超越英校生的水平。
我当年的学校英文成绩,足以连续3三年考获全校英文科书奖。后来在1956年剑桥9号文凭会考中,英文也考到“特优”。再过几年后,我边工作,边自修,以私人考生的身份,居然也在11号高级剑桥文凭会考中,考到“理解与写作”(简称GP)特优的最佳成绩。
在华文方面,由于经常认真地做英文中译的课余工作,我必须在下笔时字字推敲,句句琢磨。这种文字上的磨练,日后对华文程度的提升,肯定有很大的帮助。当然,只是努力写稿,出产译作,没有“进补”,只顾出,不顾进,也肯定是不够的。
一方面,为了提升自己的华文程度,我从华小转入英校后,并没有放弃华文的自修。因此,我继续常看华文书本,既看语体文,也看文言文。另一方面,为了了解华文报副刊编辑需要哪些外稿,我也经常注意看各种华文报的副刊,以便能选些适合的英文文章,翻译成华文投给报馆。由于看的华文书报也不少,文笔也经常通过英译中不断磨练,华文经过“进补”后,程度也像英文那样大有进步。
现在“双语”生华英都有限
在华文方面,经过一段时间不算很长的认真自修和刻苦磨练后,我斗胆(或者也可以说是自信地)以私人考生的身份,报考当时第一届的六科“政府华文高中三会考文凭”。
成绩揭晓时,果然上天不负有心人,我在这次会考中,华文和英文两科也都考到特优。这样,有了华文高中三会考和英文高级剑桥会考的鉴定,我的华英双语,都已达到第一语文的特优水平。这同现时的双语教育政策所培养出来的双语毕业生,英文一般只达五、七成,华文最多三、五成,真的不可同日而语。这些“双语”毕业生,不但华文华语有限,英文英语也好不了多少。我刚刚碰到这两个实例,足以说明这一点。
例一:我今天到某处柜台去办手续,职员很客气地用英语问我的年龄,我用英语回答:“Three scores and ten.”(20X3+10=70)。出乎我意料之外,他居然听不懂,反而问我:“Score what? Your English is too 'chim'. I don't understand.”(得到什么分数?你的英语太深,我听不懂。)
例二:上星期,我到某西餐馆吃套餐。招待我的是一位兼职的理工学院学生。我吃了最后一道菜的甜品后,叫他“买单”,并且开玩笑地说;“I have just finished my dessert. After this, I'm going to desert this place.”(我刚吃完甜品,我过后将弃离此地。) 他张开眼睛看着我,满脸疑惑,不知所云,大有“不乐的,不乐的”(Blurred, blurred)之势。经过一阵子思考后,他终于恍然大悟,高兴地说:“I've got it! I've got it!!”(我明了! 我明了!)其实,我当时只是在玩弄“dessert”和“desert”两个同音不同意的英文字。工院生居然要伤一阵子脑筋才听懂我的幽默,令我感到意外。
为了百尺竿头,更进一步,不断地提升自己,我后来也边工作,边自修,以校外生的身份,报读伦敦大学。经过数年“寒窗苦读”的时日后,也敢敢参加伦大的年终大考,结果侥幸给我考到“荣誉文学士(二等甲级)的学位。这个伦大考试,是由其“东方与非洲语言文学院”(School of Oriental and African Studies,简称SOAS)主考。考卷规定必须兼用英文和华文作答,华文还包括语体文和文言文。考试范围包括中国语言、文学、文学史、哲学史、中国近代史、中译英、英译中、有关中国课题的英文作文等。在中译英方面,还包括文言文译成英文。
我讲了这些自修求学的苦学经历,志不在自吹自擂,好出风头。这根本没有必要。我的目的,是要与读者诸君共勉,才把我的自修经过和体验,公诸报端,并借此清楚指出:“有志者事竟成”,无论做什么事情,总是要付出某种代价;有代价必有收获。
天下没有免费的午餐。老实说,学习和掌握任何语文或学问,都没有捷径,也不能取巧。学语文必须有所付出。这个付出就是要扎实有恒地下苦功,有一分耕耘,就有一分收获。语文功力要强,就必须付出相应的苦功。李资政就是靠这种苦功、决心和恒心,学有所成,并拨出宝贵的时间,著书同国人分享他苦学华文华语的宝贵经验,实不能不令人钦佩。
总之,学习语言,并没有所谓“秘密”或“窍门”。如果真的非说有不可嘛,那我可以从多年来学习华英双语的体验中,提炼出这样的“十二字诀”,公开同大家“分享”。学习语文,必须要有“兴趣、目标、决心、恒心、努力、常练”。所谓“常练”,就是多读、多讲、多写这句老生常谈的话。
● 李成业
·作者是国会和国际会议同步传译、日内瓦国际会议传译协会会员、本报新闻奖评审委员。
王长胜是资源企业融资公司的副董事长。他说:“跟一般新加坡人一样,我很迟才发现自己的华文水平不够,所以每天都读华文报,还拿着字典自己翻译,慢慢的学。”
我的华英双语也是靠在翻译方面所下的苦功,逐渐提升起来的。由于家境不佳,我在50年代的学生时期,除了当补习教师之外,也经常利用时间空挡,翻译文章投给华文报发表,赚点稿费当零用钱。
我的英文稿源是有名的时事、科学和综合杂志如:《经济学家》周刊(The Economist)、《新政治家》(The New Statesman)、BBC 的《听众周刊》(The Listener)、《读者文摘》、《科学文摘》和当时在英国出版的《东方世界》(The Eastern World)等。
买5分钱旧杂志来翻译
由于这类杂志都很贵,不是我这个清寒学生所买得起的,我就经常到当时很出名的旧货市场“淡水河”(又称“结霜桥”)的旧书摊去选购一本只卖5分钱的旧杂志。一买就是好几本。
满载而归后,我一有时间,就从中选读没有时间性的文章,然后挑选出来翻译。我必须看了好几篇,才能选出适当的一篇来翻译。进行翻译时,我又必须精读英文原稿,充分了解每个句子的意思后,才敢下笔翻译。这个道理很简单:如果自己连原文也看不懂,怎能使读者看懂翻译出来的东西呢?
在这彻底精读的过程中,由华校小学转入英校的我,在英文方面,苦学磨练,经过一段时间后,英文程度突飞猛进。
我这个华校生,初时英文不如英校生,还被英校同学讥笑我为“财纳满”(Chinaman,中国佬),我知道他们并没有恶意,只是开我的玩笑而已。经过这个玩笑给我的刺激,我下定决心,苦修英文,不断进行这种磨练。之后,我的英文终于赶上并超越英校生的水平。
我当年的学校英文成绩,足以连续3三年考获全校英文科书奖。后来在1956年剑桥9号文凭会考中,英文也考到“特优”。再过几年后,我边工作,边自修,以私人考生的身份,居然也在11号高级剑桥文凭会考中,考到“理解与写作”(简称GP)特优的最佳成绩。
在华文方面,由于经常认真地做英文中译的课余工作,我必须在下笔时字字推敲,句句琢磨。这种文字上的磨练,日后对华文程度的提升,肯定有很大的帮助。当然,只是努力写稿,出产译作,没有“进补”,只顾出,不顾进,也肯定是不够的。
一方面,为了提升自己的华文程度,我从华小转入英校后,并没有放弃华文的自修。因此,我继续常看华文书本,既看语体文,也看文言文。另一方面,为了了解华文报副刊编辑需要哪些外稿,我也经常注意看各种华文报的副刊,以便能选些适合的英文文章,翻译成华文投给报馆。由于看的华文书报也不少,文笔也经常通过英译中不断磨练,华文经过“进补”后,程度也像英文那样大有进步。
现在“双语”生华英都有限
在华文方面,经过一段时间不算很长的认真自修和刻苦磨练后,我斗胆(或者也可以说是自信地)以私人考生的身份,报考当时第一届的六科“政府华文高中三会考文凭”。
成绩揭晓时,果然上天不负有心人,我在这次会考中,华文和英文两科也都考到特优。这样,有了华文高中三会考和英文高级剑桥会考的鉴定,我的华英双语,都已达到第一语文的特优水平。这同现时的双语教育政策所培养出来的双语毕业生,英文一般只达五、七成,华文最多三、五成,真的不可同日而语。这些“双语”毕业生,不但华文华语有限,英文英语也好不了多少。我刚刚碰到这两个实例,足以说明这一点。
例一:我今天到某处柜台去办手续,职员很客气地用英语问我的年龄,我用英语回答:“Three scores and ten.”(20X3+10=70)。出乎我意料之外,他居然听不懂,反而问我:“Score what? Your English is too 'chim'. I don't understand.”(得到什么分数?你的英语太深,我听不懂。)
例二:上星期,我到某西餐馆吃套餐。招待我的是一位兼职的理工学院学生。我吃了最后一道菜的甜品后,叫他“买单”,并且开玩笑地说;“I have just finished my dessert. After this, I'm going to desert this place.”(我刚吃完甜品,我过后将弃离此地。) 他张开眼睛看着我,满脸疑惑,不知所云,大有“不乐的,不乐的”(Blurred, blurred)之势。经过一阵子思考后,他终于恍然大悟,高兴地说:“I've got it! I've got it!!”(我明了! 我明了!)其实,我当时只是在玩弄“dessert”和“desert”两个同音不同意的英文字。工院生居然要伤一阵子脑筋才听懂我的幽默,令我感到意外。
为了百尺竿头,更进一步,不断地提升自己,我后来也边工作,边自修,以校外生的身份,报读伦敦大学。经过数年“寒窗苦读”的时日后,也敢敢参加伦大的年终大考,结果侥幸给我考到“荣誉文学士(二等甲级)的学位。这个伦大考试,是由其“东方与非洲语言文学院”(School of Oriental and African Studies,简称SOAS)主考。考卷规定必须兼用英文和华文作答,华文还包括语体文和文言文。考试范围包括中国语言、文学、文学史、哲学史、中国近代史、中译英、英译中、有关中国课题的英文作文等。在中译英方面,还包括文言文译成英文。
我讲了这些自修求学的苦学经历,志不在自吹自擂,好出风头。这根本没有必要。我的目的,是要与读者诸君共勉,才把我的自修经过和体验,公诸报端,并借此清楚指出:“有志者事竟成”,无论做什么事情,总是要付出某种代价;有代价必有收获。
天下没有免费的午餐。老实说,学习和掌握任何语文或学问,都没有捷径,也不能取巧。学语文必须有所付出。这个付出就是要扎实有恒地下苦功,有一分耕耘,就有一分收获。语文功力要强,就必须付出相应的苦功。李资政就是靠这种苦功、决心和恒心,学有所成,并拨出宝贵的时间,著书同国人分享他苦学华文华语的宝贵经验,实不能不令人钦佩。
总之,学习语言,并没有所谓“秘密”或“窍门”。如果真的非说有不可嘛,那我可以从多年来学习华英双语的体验中,提炼出这样的“十二字诀”,公开同大家“分享”。学习语文,必须要有“兴趣、目标、决心、恒心、努力、常练”。所谓“常练”,就是多读、多讲、多写这句老生常谈的话。
● 李成业
·作者是国会和国际会议同步传译、日内瓦国际会议传译协会会员、本报新闻奖评审委员。
Saturday, June 11, 2005
守在狭隘的现代里
中文教材里文言文愈来愈少,在华文世界里似乎已经是一个普遍的趋势。辩论时,一方说,学子要学外语、电脑等等现代技能,古籍的阅读是一种太重的负担。另一方说,是的,可是文言文对于学生中文程度的培养是不可或缺的。
在两方的论述里,文言文都被视为“传统”,只不过前者视之为减分的负担,后者视之为加分的资源。
所有的语言都是一把钥匙;一把钥匙,能开启一个世界。我们热切地学英语、法语、德语、日语,今天愈来愈多的西方人积极地学中文,都是为了要进入一个原来陌生的世界,去被那个世界里的思想和文采启发、感动,而且掌握了那个语言,可以使我们跟现代更能衔接,更能灵活地运转。大部分的我们选择一个语言学习,是因为那个语言所代表的世界是先进的、丰富的、现代的。
文言文所代表的世界呢?它在人们心目中,唤起“先进”、“丰富”、“现代”的联想吗?文言文能使我们在“现代”里更灵活地运转吗?文言文不是一个满布灰尘的古董瓷器吗?
《国语》的城市管理手册
防汛期快到时,城市里的人们会看见消防队员准备沙包。台风季来临前,山坡地上就有人在检查出水涵孔是否堵塞。公园处要移植树木时,必须等到秋季。公路边的杂草,定时有人修剪。扫街的清洁队员,总是在天亮前已经完成了工作,收取垃圾的车子,总是在天黑前跑完了行程。
走在乾净的人行道上,看见城市的照章运转,我总会想起《国语》里头的一篇文章,《单子知陈必亡》。
《国语》,相传是春秋时左丘明的作品,中国第一部国别史。记录了从西周穆王到东周定王之间,周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、吴、越八国的论政。周朝的大臣单子到小国陈国访问,回来之后向定王作“国情分析”时说,陈国一定会灭亡。定王问他为什么。单子的是这样说的:
火朝觌矣,道茀不可行也。侯不在疆,司空不视涂,泽不陂,川不梁,野有庾积,场功未毕。道无列树,垦田若蓺。膳宰不置饩,司里不授馆。国无寄寓,县无旅舍。
用白话文来说,就是,单子这个“外国使节”发现陈国的城市,天很亮了,道路还没有整理,不能行走。礼宾司没有派人到边境迎宾,养工处不巡视道路,湖边上没造堤防,河川上没架桥梁。田里的稻谷露天堆积,禾场做到一半丢在那里。路边没有行道树,田里长的是茅草芽。管宴席的不送牲畜来,管宾馆的不接待客人。首都没有酒店,小城也没客栈。
看起来,陈国是一个城市管理系统完全失灵的地方。那么,应该是怎样的呢?单子就引录周朝的法制:
列树以表道,立鄙食以守路;国有郊牧,疆有寓望。薮有圃草,囿有林池。所以御灾也。其余无非谷土,民无悬耜,也无奥草。不夺农时,不蔑民工。有忧无匮,有逸无罢。国有班事,县有序民。
这简直就是一部城市管理手册:种植行道树来标志里程,偏远地区要建立旅客餐饮服务。城市近郊要有牧场,边境要建迎宾酒店。洼地里要保留野草,城区里要空出树林和水池,以备防灾。其他的土地,都种粮食,使农民不会将农具悬挂起来空置。政府不可以耽误农务,不可以浪费人民劳力。国民有优裕,无匮乏,有休闲,无过劳。首都的基础建设按部就班,地方的力役供求井井有条。
陈国一定会被消灭,因为国家的行政和经济管理上都出了问题。陈国,果然被楚国吞并。
《国语》记载的是公元前990年到前453年的历史,距离今天足足3000年。3000年前的政治管理哲学,对不起,我怎么看都看不出它是个满布灰尘的老古董瓷器。
白话文、英文、德文不一定代表现代,文言文也不一定代表落后。我在文言文的世界里,发现太多批判的精神和超越现代的观念,太多的先进和丰富,太多的思想和文采。
没有文言文这把钥匙,你就是对这个世界目盲,而且傲慢地守在自以为是的狭隘现代里。
● 龙应台
·作者是台湾作家、香港城市大学中文、翻译及语言学系客座教授
在两方的论述里,文言文都被视为“传统”,只不过前者视之为减分的负担,后者视之为加分的资源。
所有的语言都是一把钥匙;一把钥匙,能开启一个世界。我们热切地学英语、法语、德语、日语,今天愈来愈多的西方人积极地学中文,都是为了要进入一个原来陌生的世界,去被那个世界里的思想和文采启发、感动,而且掌握了那个语言,可以使我们跟现代更能衔接,更能灵活地运转。大部分的我们选择一个语言学习,是因为那个语言所代表的世界是先进的、丰富的、现代的。
文言文所代表的世界呢?它在人们心目中,唤起“先进”、“丰富”、“现代”的联想吗?文言文能使我们在“现代”里更灵活地运转吗?文言文不是一个满布灰尘的古董瓷器吗?
《国语》的城市管理手册
防汛期快到时,城市里的人们会看见消防队员准备沙包。台风季来临前,山坡地上就有人在检查出水涵孔是否堵塞。公园处要移植树木时,必须等到秋季。公路边的杂草,定时有人修剪。扫街的清洁队员,总是在天亮前已经完成了工作,收取垃圾的车子,总是在天黑前跑完了行程。
走在乾净的人行道上,看见城市的照章运转,我总会想起《国语》里头的一篇文章,《单子知陈必亡》。
《国语》,相传是春秋时左丘明的作品,中国第一部国别史。记录了从西周穆王到东周定王之间,周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、吴、越八国的论政。周朝的大臣单子到小国陈国访问,回来之后向定王作“国情分析”时说,陈国一定会灭亡。定王问他为什么。单子的是这样说的:
火朝觌矣,道茀不可行也。侯不在疆,司空不视涂,泽不陂,川不梁,野有庾积,场功未毕。道无列树,垦田若蓺。膳宰不置饩,司里不授馆。国无寄寓,县无旅舍。
用白话文来说,就是,单子这个“外国使节”发现陈国的城市,天很亮了,道路还没有整理,不能行走。礼宾司没有派人到边境迎宾,养工处不巡视道路,湖边上没造堤防,河川上没架桥梁。田里的稻谷露天堆积,禾场做到一半丢在那里。路边没有行道树,田里长的是茅草芽。管宴席的不送牲畜来,管宾馆的不接待客人。首都没有酒店,小城也没客栈。
看起来,陈国是一个城市管理系统完全失灵的地方。那么,应该是怎样的呢?单子就引录周朝的法制:
列树以表道,立鄙食以守路;国有郊牧,疆有寓望。薮有圃草,囿有林池。所以御灾也。其余无非谷土,民无悬耜,也无奥草。不夺农时,不蔑民工。有忧无匮,有逸无罢。国有班事,县有序民。
这简直就是一部城市管理手册:种植行道树来标志里程,偏远地区要建立旅客餐饮服务。城市近郊要有牧场,边境要建迎宾酒店。洼地里要保留野草,城区里要空出树林和水池,以备防灾。其他的土地,都种粮食,使农民不会将农具悬挂起来空置。政府不可以耽误农务,不可以浪费人民劳力。国民有优裕,无匮乏,有休闲,无过劳。首都的基础建设按部就班,地方的力役供求井井有条。
陈国一定会被消灭,因为国家的行政和经济管理上都出了问题。陈国,果然被楚国吞并。
《国语》记载的是公元前990年到前453年的历史,距离今天足足3000年。3000年前的政治管理哲学,对不起,我怎么看都看不出它是个满布灰尘的老古董瓷器。
白话文、英文、德文不一定代表现代,文言文也不一定代表落后。我在文言文的世界里,发现太多批判的精神和超越现代的观念,太多的先进和丰富,太多的思想和文采。
没有文言文这把钥匙,你就是对这个世界目盲,而且傲慢地守在自以为是的狭隘现代里。
● 龙应台
·作者是台湾作家、香港城市大学中文、翻译及语言学系客座教授
Friday, June 10, 2005
Dane-geld
Dane-geld
(A.D. 980-1016)
Rudyard Kipling
IT IS always a temptation to an armed and agile nation,
To call upon a neighbour and to say:—
“We invaded you last night—we are quite prepared to fight,
Unless you pay us cash to go away.”
And that is called asking for Dane-geld,
And the people who ask it explain
That you’ve only to pay ’em the Dane-geld
And then you’ll get rid of the Dane!
It is always a temptation to a rich and lazy nation,
To puff and look important and to say:—
“Though we know we should defeat you, we have not the time to meet you.
We will therefore pay you cash to go away.”
And that is called paying the Dane-geld;
But we’ve proved it again and again,
That if once you have paid him the Dane-geld
You never get rid of the Dane.
It is wrong to put temptation in the path of any nation,
For fear they should succumb and go astray,
So when you are requested to pay up or be molested,
You will find it better policy to say:—
“We never pay any one Dane-geld,
No matter how trifling the cost,
For the end of that game is oppression and shame,
And the nation that plays it is lost!”
(A.D. 980-1016)
Rudyard Kipling
IT IS always a temptation to an armed and agile nation,
To call upon a neighbour and to say:—
“We invaded you last night—we are quite prepared to fight,
Unless you pay us cash to go away.”
And that is called asking for Dane-geld,
And the people who ask it explain
That you’ve only to pay ’em the Dane-geld
And then you’ll get rid of the Dane!
It is always a temptation to a rich and lazy nation,
To puff and look important and to say:—
“Though we know we should defeat you, we have not the time to meet you.
We will therefore pay you cash to go away.”
And that is called paying the Dane-geld;
But we’ve proved it again and again,
That if once you have paid him the Dane-geld
You never get rid of the Dane.
It is wrong to put temptation in the path of any nation,
For fear they should succumb and go astray,
So when you are requested to pay up or be molested,
You will find it better policy to say:—
“We never pay any one Dane-geld,
No matter how trifling the cost,
For the end of that game is oppression and shame,
And the nation that plays it is lost!”
Thursday, June 09, 2005
不能光靠西方著作认识中国
● 杨伟宁
言论版在5月16日刊登了潘国驹教授的《本地教材应注重东方传统文化》一文,我想提出两点补充。
潘教授在文中指出,我国教育制度以务实为标准,依据此标准,“除华文的教科书以外,理工科目的教科书几乎没有内容是有关于东方传统文化的智慧的。”潘教授接着提出中国文化在数学、技术与企业管理三方面的贡献,呼吁教育部与教科书编审专家注意教材在这方面的不足。
事实上,也正由于潘教授所说的“务实”标准,我们在文理科中接触到的文科知识往往都是因为这类知识对我国而言有实际用途,才被编入教材的。
我们学习牛顿的三大定律或凯尔文的凯氏绝对温度(Kelvin absolute temperature),都不是为了理解西方文明史或科学史的演变为主要原因,而是为了理解现代科学的一般前提或基本视角。
以这样的角度从事教育工作,难免就导致编审教材的过程中抱有一定的取舍态度。理解中国文明史中的科学技术固然重要,但纵使我们理解蔡伦的造纸功绩、詹天佑的铁路工程造诣,这还是不会为我国学生在科学领域中的实用智能这一方面提供多大的帮助。
更需要理解中国的政经史
潘教授也提到我国目前强调进军中国市场的重要经济策略。如果借此作为我们应当理解中国文化的务实理由,我们在注重中国科学史之前更需要理解的是中国的战争史、政治史、经济史。因为人们往往是以自己社会中的战争、政治与经济变迁作为自身与社会定义的重要基石,而不是科学领域的发展与演变。
而进军与理解中国市场的前提自然是理解中国的社会组织,如中国消费者的心态,中国政府的政策与政治景象。如果要了解这方面的知识,我们往往就必须先了解中国的战争史和其政治经济领域的进程,并须下一定的功夫。
值得我们担心的,其实是我国学生的语文问题。潘教授认为我们在语文和人文科目的课堂中应当多谈一些与中国文化有关的课题。这样的建议固然可嘉,但我认为以目前的学生华文水平而言,能够吸收多少中国文化是令人怀疑的。
我国华族社会——尤其是年轻一代,多年来早已面临西风东渐的老问题,华文华语沟通能力早已处在江河日下、日趋恶化的惨状。数年来关心此问题的读者都提出了许多意见,但至今华文问题仍旧令人关注。
在这样的情况下,我们如果同时想认识中国与其近代变迁,找寻答案的第一来源相信就是英美或西欧的相关著作。事实上,这些作者对中国的诠释与理解往往延伸自他们特殊的现代或后现代的自由民主(liberal democracy)视角与随之的特殊逻辑与政治、伦理前提。
单边角度造成误解与悲剧
从西方文明数百年的演变而言,西方学者作家秉持这样的社会视角在一定程度上是无可厚非的,但透过这样的视角研究非西方文明的社会人文心态,常会带来严重的误解和随之而来的政治冲突。
英美政府正因为一味秉持这样的视角设法理解中东,单边主义的,不愿意从中东文明史与伊斯兰教演变的双重角度去理解,才造成了近年代的诸多误会和悲剧。
尽管中国当今也在多方面向西方学习,但五千年特殊的文明史和中西方前两百余年的冲突在许多方面对中国人的思想、逻辑和怀有的政治、伦理前提而言扮演着举足轻重的角色。尽管近几年来美国学术界开始出现比较中立的研究书作,但它们一来还算少数,二来几乎全部由中国旅美的学者执笔。
新加坡至今还有一定的华文教学能力,但如果不着力提升我们的华文华语水平,我们就算在英语环境中学习更多有关所谓的“中国文化”,这恐怕将会加深我们对中国文化与文明的误解,因而走上英美记者、专家、学者误入的歧途。在从中国人视角研究中国这一方面,台湾香港就占了重要优势。我们千万不能本末倒置,不去学好中国的语言,而只认定英美对中国文化的理解与诠释为主要的渠道。
中国人的逻辑思维与西欧北美人之间仍有着巨大的差异。况且,中国至今仍在崛起当中,所以相信中国人会抱着一定的民族自豪感,他们不会在和西方沟通与交易时面临太大效仿英美的压力。
中西文明的走向尽管不至于分道扬镳,但二者的发展走向仍旧会保持一定的距离。因此,我们必须在追求理解中国文化这一重要目标的同时,强调理解中国的社会与文明——如中国的战争、政治、经济进程。
再者,如果我们要得到一个较准确的诠释视角,或至少算是另一种诠释视角,我们务必听一听中国人诉说自己的故事。而如果我们一再认定进军中国市场的重要,另一方面却又不注重自己的华语文水平,这种策略只是管窥蠡测,得到的认识是南辕北辙。
·作者是美国芝加哥大学社会科学硕士生
言论版在5月16日刊登了潘国驹教授的《本地教材应注重东方传统文化》一文,我想提出两点补充。
潘教授在文中指出,我国教育制度以务实为标准,依据此标准,“除华文的教科书以外,理工科目的教科书几乎没有内容是有关于东方传统文化的智慧的。”潘教授接着提出中国文化在数学、技术与企业管理三方面的贡献,呼吁教育部与教科书编审专家注意教材在这方面的不足。
事实上,也正由于潘教授所说的“务实”标准,我们在文理科中接触到的文科知识往往都是因为这类知识对我国而言有实际用途,才被编入教材的。
我们学习牛顿的三大定律或凯尔文的凯氏绝对温度(Kelvin absolute temperature),都不是为了理解西方文明史或科学史的演变为主要原因,而是为了理解现代科学的一般前提或基本视角。
以这样的角度从事教育工作,难免就导致编审教材的过程中抱有一定的取舍态度。理解中国文明史中的科学技术固然重要,但纵使我们理解蔡伦的造纸功绩、詹天佑的铁路工程造诣,这还是不会为我国学生在科学领域中的实用智能这一方面提供多大的帮助。
更需要理解中国的政经史
潘教授也提到我国目前强调进军中国市场的重要经济策略。如果借此作为我们应当理解中国文化的务实理由,我们在注重中国科学史之前更需要理解的是中国的战争史、政治史、经济史。因为人们往往是以自己社会中的战争、政治与经济变迁作为自身与社会定义的重要基石,而不是科学领域的发展与演变。
而进军与理解中国市场的前提自然是理解中国的社会组织,如中国消费者的心态,中国政府的政策与政治景象。如果要了解这方面的知识,我们往往就必须先了解中国的战争史和其政治经济领域的进程,并须下一定的功夫。
值得我们担心的,其实是我国学生的语文问题。潘教授认为我们在语文和人文科目的课堂中应当多谈一些与中国文化有关的课题。这样的建议固然可嘉,但我认为以目前的学生华文水平而言,能够吸收多少中国文化是令人怀疑的。
我国华族社会——尤其是年轻一代,多年来早已面临西风东渐的老问题,华文华语沟通能力早已处在江河日下、日趋恶化的惨状。数年来关心此问题的读者都提出了许多意见,但至今华文问题仍旧令人关注。
在这样的情况下,我们如果同时想认识中国与其近代变迁,找寻答案的第一来源相信就是英美或西欧的相关著作。事实上,这些作者对中国的诠释与理解往往延伸自他们特殊的现代或后现代的自由民主(liberal democracy)视角与随之的特殊逻辑与政治、伦理前提。
单边角度造成误解与悲剧
从西方文明数百年的演变而言,西方学者作家秉持这样的社会视角在一定程度上是无可厚非的,但透过这样的视角研究非西方文明的社会人文心态,常会带来严重的误解和随之而来的政治冲突。
英美政府正因为一味秉持这样的视角设法理解中东,单边主义的,不愿意从中东文明史与伊斯兰教演变的双重角度去理解,才造成了近年代的诸多误会和悲剧。
尽管中国当今也在多方面向西方学习,但五千年特殊的文明史和中西方前两百余年的冲突在许多方面对中国人的思想、逻辑和怀有的政治、伦理前提而言扮演着举足轻重的角色。尽管近几年来美国学术界开始出现比较中立的研究书作,但它们一来还算少数,二来几乎全部由中国旅美的学者执笔。
新加坡至今还有一定的华文教学能力,但如果不着力提升我们的华文华语水平,我们就算在英语环境中学习更多有关所谓的“中国文化”,这恐怕将会加深我们对中国文化与文明的误解,因而走上英美记者、专家、学者误入的歧途。在从中国人视角研究中国这一方面,台湾香港就占了重要优势。我们千万不能本末倒置,不去学好中国的语言,而只认定英美对中国文化的理解与诠释为主要的渠道。
中国人的逻辑思维与西欧北美人之间仍有着巨大的差异。况且,中国至今仍在崛起当中,所以相信中国人会抱着一定的民族自豪感,他们不会在和西方沟通与交易时面临太大效仿英美的压力。
中西文明的走向尽管不至于分道扬镳,但二者的发展走向仍旧会保持一定的距离。因此,我们必须在追求理解中国文化这一重要目标的同时,强调理解中国的社会与文明——如中国的战争、政治、经济进程。
再者,如果我们要得到一个较准确的诠释视角,或至少算是另一种诠释视角,我们务必听一听中国人诉说自己的故事。而如果我们一再认定进军中国市场的重要,另一方面却又不注重自己的华语文水平,这种策略只是管窥蠡测,得到的认识是南辕北辙。
·作者是美国芝加哥大学社会科学硕士生
Monday, June 06, 2005
各是其所是,各非其所非
社会可以视为由不同社会功能的组织所形成,学界、企业界、教育界、建筑界、美术界、媒体界等,不同社会功能组织的看法代表不同角度的思维。
当大家从不同的经验立场,不同的知识背景发表意见时,真理真得能够“越辩越明”吗?我们是否还需要某些关键性的条件或前提?
进一步,我们要追问的是:如何保证讨论的合理性?人真的能理性地讨论吗?能以理性作为判断和行动的根据吗?
不同专业知识的见解,面对错综复杂的社会课题、人生课题、文化课题,只能管中窥豹,只见一斑。东亚人文研究所所长霍韬晦教授便认为,结果只是各是其所是,各非其所非,引致相对主义,亦即是平面化。
平面的多元性,无高无低,你不能衡量我,我也不能衡量你,大家尊重差异性,没有主流与边缘之分,将导致客观标准无法建立起来。由客观标准的丧失,社会将转向分裂,甚至解体,形成虚无。
多元性需要以层次性思维、深度思维作为前提,才能避免不同价值自我封闭、互相抵消、互相冲突的局面,对于各种价值作根源性的思考。
个人首先要立本,先站稳自己,还要不断学习,打破封闭(自我的封闭、知识的封闭),以真正开放的心灵,在生命中进行价值体验,不能够停留在理性的认知层次上讨论。否则,将好像佛经中有关瞎子摸象的故事一样,各说各话,谁也听不进谁的话,谁也不尊重谁。
我们缺乏的是有层次性思维、有深度思维,能够对不同价值作出超越性涵盖的人。唯有这种人才能够真正的产生,我们才能建立一个有深度、有层次的价值世界,向肤浅与庸俗的文化告别。
这就需要能够产生真正人才的教育。
摘自《平面的多元性并不足够》 ·全文如下:
_______________________________________________
从最近台湾作家龙应台认为新加坡决定建赌场的“争吵”不够的评论,到较早前(5月9日)言论版的王昌伟一文《五四精神与当前的新加坡》,可以读出一个越来越受到重视的价值观念:推崇与维护多元性。本文尝试深入挖掘“多元性”这个观念。
《联合早报》5月23日社论回应龙应台的说法中指出“意见不怕多,只怕少”,赌场课题是新加坡一场悄然而至的思想解放的具体体现。但是,我们须要进一步思考的是:数量上的多是否代表多元性?
记者谢仲贤5月28日的文章认为,停留在单一的思维框架中,只有数量上的多是不够的,我们仍然缺乏“边缘的‘非主流’意见”。她认为龙应台的主张适时地提醒我们要有多种角度的思维。
社会可以视为由不同社会功能的组织所形成,学界、企业界、教育界、建筑界、美术界、媒体界等,不同社会功能组织的看法代表不同角度的思维。谢文将视线放在学界,认为不同学科专长的人士,代表了不同角度的观点,为讨论“增值”。
当大家从不同的经验立场,不同的知识背景发表意见时,真理真得能够“越辩越明”吗?我们是否还需要某些关键性的条件或前提?
首先是历史的启发。五四时期中国的思想界,一个所谓“百花齐放”的时期,王昌伟认为最值得我们留意的就是它的多元性。各种由西方传入的思潮如:民主主义、共产主义、自由主义、无政府主义等,皆被中国人饥不择食地吸收、模仿、推行。
当时也“吵”得很激烈。其中冲突得最激烈的是将代表传统的儒家和西方的各种价值对立起来(民主、自由、科学等),以及后来形成的自由主义与社会主义你死我活的斗争。
多元性并没有给中国带来积极的文化建设,反而形成多元价值之间互相的对立与冲突,在文化的层次上,民族感情与传统文化的对立,使得中国的历史文化被连根拔起,影响至今。我们看到现今文化中国的精神资源非常薄弱,精神生活空前虚无。
如何保证讨论的合理性
进一步,我们要追问的是:如何保证讨论的合理性?人真的能理性地讨论吗?能以理性作为判断和行动的根据吗?
若以五四时期的知识分子为例,这些都是中国当时最顶尖的人才,他们无法摆脱因自己饱受西方列强的欺凌而产生的强烈自卑感,对自己的自信不足,妄自菲薄。面对现实巨大的压力,他们也缺乏冷静思考的空间;在东西交汇之初,他们对西方的了解停留在文化的表象,缺乏深刻的文化反思的工夫。
这里透露:人的本能、欲望、心理、习惯、存在的时空,时时刻刻都在支配着人的思想与行为。到真正决定的时候、行动的时候,很多时候都是根据个人的感觉、喜好、私欲、流行的价值观作为标准的。
代表不同社会功能组织的声音,在民主的游戏中,只是不同利益集团的发言人,多少人真的能够提出真知灼见?而不同专业知识的见解,面对错综复杂的社会课题、人生课题、文化课题,只能管中窥豹,只见一斑。东亚人文研究所所长霍韬晦教授便认为,结果只是各是其所是,各非其所非,引致相对主义,亦即是平面化。
无论是站在同一思维模式下的多把声音,还是龙应台式的多角度看法,这始终是数量上的多,属于数量的范畴。通过数量范畴来决定属于质素范畴的人文课题,这是一个思考上的谬误。
新加坡开不开赌场的问题,香港的西九龙发展问题,都是人文建设的问题,里头牵涉是非善恶的价值标准。如果我们真的相信“没有任何一套价值体系是永远可以合乎时宜”的,只有此一时,彼一时的价值,那人如何能够站得稳?做人还能有信念吗?还能有对理想的追求吗?而这样的看法是否又永远地真?真的话,岂不是跟自己的主张自相矛盾?
我们缺乏的不是多元性
平面的多元性,无高无低,你不能衡量我,我也不能衡量你,大家尊重差异性,没有主流与边缘之分,将导致客观标准无法建立起来。由客观标准的丧失,社会将转向分裂,甚至解体,形成虚无。
香港的西九龙课题,表面上看起来,讨论得热热闹闹的,符合西方提倡的“开放社会”、“公民社会”的要求,实际上却是香港社会日趋分化的写照,真正作决定的,最终将是利益的结合与交换,然后通过数量暴力取得“合法性”以及肤浅的“合理性”,这是平面多元性惨痛的代价。
多元性需要以层次性思维、深度思维作为前提,才能避免不同价值自我封闭、互相抵消、互相冲突的局面,对于各种价值作根源性的思考。例如五四时期被视为救世良方的“科学”、“民主”、“自由”等价值,以及后现代社会鼓吹的“多元性”,它们是如何产生的?根源是什么?它们能够成就什么、有什么局限?这些都需要好好地反省。
个人首先要立本,先站稳自己,还要不断学习,打破封闭(自我的封闭、知识的封闭),以真正开放的心灵,在生命中进行价值体验,不能够停留在理性的认知层次上讨论。否则,将好像佛经中有关瞎子摸象的故事一样,各说各话,谁也听不进谁的话,谁也不尊重谁。
说实在话,生活在一个全球化的时代,我们缺乏的不是多元性。哪怕新加坡真的没有好像龙应台这样的人,也没有香港人那样敢言的作风,但是像龙应台这样的人,还是可以来这里和我们分享她的看法,还可以在网站上刊出她的文章,供数以亿计的网民浏览。
这是一个没有任何政府能够真正地把“异见”拒于国门之外的时代。我们缺乏的是有层次性思维、有深度思维,能够对不同价值作出超越性涵盖的人。唯有这种人才能够真正的产生,我们才能建立一个有深度、有层次的价值世界,向肤浅与庸俗的文化告别。
这就需要能够产生真正人才的教育。
● 颜国伟·作者任教于东亚人文研究所
当大家从不同的经验立场,不同的知识背景发表意见时,真理真得能够“越辩越明”吗?我们是否还需要某些关键性的条件或前提?
进一步,我们要追问的是:如何保证讨论的合理性?人真的能理性地讨论吗?能以理性作为判断和行动的根据吗?
不同专业知识的见解,面对错综复杂的社会课题、人生课题、文化课题,只能管中窥豹,只见一斑。东亚人文研究所所长霍韬晦教授便认为,结果只是各是其所是,各非其所非,引致相对主义,亦即是平面化。
平面的多元性,无高无低,你不能衡量我,我也不能衡量你,大家尊重差异性,没有主流与边缘之分,将导致客观标准无法建立起来。由客观标准的丧失,社会将转向分裂,甚至解体,形成虚无。
多元性需要以层次性思维、深度思维作为前提,才能避免不同价值自我封闭、互相抵消、互相冲突的局面,对于各种价值作根源性的思考。
个人首先要立本,先站稳自己,还要不断学习,打破封闭(自我的封闭、知识的封闭),以真正开放的心灵,在生命中进行价值体验,不能够停留在理性的认知层次上讨论。否则,将好像佛经中有关瞎子摸象的故事一样,各说各话,谁也听不进谁的话,谁也不尊重谁。
我们缺乏的是有层次性思维、有深度思维,能够对不同价值作出超越性涵盖的人。唯有这种人才能够真正的产生,我们才能建立一个有深度、有层次的价值世界,向肤浅与庸俗的文化告别。
这就需要能够产生真正人才的教育。
摘自《平面的多元性并不足够》 ·全文如下:
_______________________________________________
从最近台湾作家龙应台认为新加坡决定建赌场的“争吵”不够的评论,到较早前(5月9日)言论版的王昌伟一文《五四精神与当前的新加坡》,可以读出一个越来越受到重视的价值观念:推崇与维护多元性。本文尝试深入挖掘“多元性”这个观念。
《联合早报》5月23日社论回应龙应台的说法中指出“意见不怕多,只怕少”,赌场课题是新加坡一场悄然而至的思想解放的具体体现。但是,我们须要进一步思考的是:数量上的多是否代表多元性?
记者谢仲贤5月28日的文章认为,停留在单一的思维框架中,只有数量上的多是不够的,我们仍然缺乏“边缘的‘非主流’意见”。她认为龙应台的主张适时地提醒我们要有多种角度的思维。
社会可以视为由不同社会功能的组织所形成,学界、企业界、教育界、建筑界、美术界、媒体界等,不同社会功能组织的看法代表不同角度的思维。谢文将视线放在学界,认为不同学科专长的人士,代表了不同角度的观点,为讨论“增值”。
当大家从不同的经验立场,不同的知识背景发表意见时,真理真得能够“越辩越明”吗?我们是否还需要某些关键性的条件或前提?
首先是历史的启发。五四时期中国的思想界,一个所谓“百花齐放”的时期,王昌伟认为最值得我们留意的就是它的多元性。各种由西方传入的思潮如:民主主义、共产主义、自由主义、无政府主义等,皆被中国人饥不择食地吸收、模仿、推行。
当时也“吵”得很激烈。其中冲突得最激烈的是将代表传统的儒家和西方的各种价值对立起来(民主、自由、科学等),以及后来形成的自由主义与社会主义你死我活的斗争。
多元性并没有给中国带来积极的文化建设,反而形成多元价值之间互相的对立与冲突,在文化的层次上,民族感情与传统文化的对立,使得中国的历史文化被连根拔起,影响至今。我们看到现今文化中国的精神资源非常薄弱,精神生活空前虚无。
如何保证讨论的合理性
进一步,我们要追问的是:如何保证讨论的合理性?人真的能理性地讨论吗?能以理性作为判断和行动的根据吗?
若以五四时期的知识分子为例,这些都是中国当时最顶尖的人才,他们无法摆脱因自己饱受西方列强的欺凌而产生的强烈自卑感,对自己的自信不足,妄自菲薄。面对现实巨大的压力,他们也缺乏冷静思考的空间;在东西交汇之初,他们对西方的了解停留在文化的表象,缺乏深刻的文化反思的工夫。
这里透露:人的本能、欲望、心理、习惯、存在的时空,时时刻刻都在支配着人的思想与行为。到真正决定的时候、行动的时候,很多时候都是根据个人的感觉、喜好、私欲、流行的价值观作为标准的。
代表不同社会功能组织的声音,在民主的游戏中,只是不同利益集团的发言人,多少人真的能够提出真知灼见?而不同专业知识的见解,面对错综复杂的社会课题、人生课题、文化课题,只能管中窥豹,只见一斑。东亚人文研究所所长霍韬晦教授便认为,结果只是各是其所是,各非其所非,引致相对主义,亦即是平面化。
无论是站在同一思维模式下的多把声音,还是龙应台式的多角度看法,这始终是数量上的多,属于数量的范畴。通过数量范畴来决定属于质素范畴的人文课题,这是一个思考上的谬误。
新加坡开不开赌场的问题,香港的西九龙发展问题,都是人文建设的问题,里头牵涉是非善恶的价值标准。如果我们真的相信“没有任何一套价值体系是永远可以合乎时宜”的,只有此一时,彼一时的价值,那人如何能够站得稳?做人还能有信念吗?还能有对理想的追求吗?而这样的看法是否又永远地真?真的话,岂不是跟自己的主张自相矛盾?
我们缺乏的不是多元性
平面的多元性,无高无低,你不能衡量我,我也不能衡量你,大家尊重差异性,没有主流与边缘之分,将导致客观标准无法建立起来。由客观标准的丧失,社会将转向分裂,甚至解体,形成虚无。
香港的西九龙课题,表面上看起来,讨论得热热闹闹的,符合西方提倡的“开放社会”、“公民社会”的要求,实际上却是香港社会日趋分化的写照,真正作决定的,最终将是利益的结合与交换,然后通过数量暴力取得“合法性”以及肤浅的“合理性”,这是平面多元性惨痛的代价。
多元性需要以层次性思维、深度思维作为前提,才能避免不同价值自我封闭、互相抵消、互相冲突的局面,对于各种价值作根源性的思考。例如五四时期被视为救世良方的“科学”、“民主”、“自由”等价值,以及后现代社会鼓吹的“多元性”,它们是如何产生的?根源是什么?它们能够成就什么、有什么局限?这些都需要好好地反省。
个人首先要立本,先站稳自己,还要不断学习,打破封闭(自我的封闭、知识的封闭),以真正开放的心灵,在生命中进行价值体验,不能够停留在理性的认知层次上讨论。否则,将好像佛经中有关瞎子摸象的故事一样,各说各话,谁也听不进谁的话,谁也不尊重谁。
说实在话,生活在一个全球化的时代,我们缺乏的不是多元性。哪怕新加坡真的没有好像龙应台这样的人,也没有香港人那样敢言的作风,但是像龙应台这样的人,还是可以来这里和我们分享她的看法,还可以在网站上刊出她的文章,供数以亿计的网民浏览。
这是一个没有任何政府能够真正地把“异见”拒于国门之外的时代。我们缺乏的是有层次性思维、有深度思维,能够对不同价值作出超越性涵盖的人。唯有这种人才能够真正的产生,我们才能建立一个有深度、有层次的价值世界,向肤浅与庸俗的文化告别。
这就需要能够产生真正人才的教育。
● 颜国伟·作者任教于东亚人文研究所
Saturday, June 04, 2005
What We Fight For
"We give you the freedom to vote, but along with that freedom comes a responsibility... A responsibility to vote for the correct party...[sic]" - Lee Kwan Yew 1993
There was electricty in the air that night as Lee Kwan Yew spoke directly to the citizens of a disobedient district and nation-state. He was angry, you could hear it in his voice and there was going to be a price to pay. I was in the disobedient district of Bukit Panjang that night, and after Lee Kwan Yew spoke, my friend's old Chinese mother admonished us and urged us all to immediately go downstairs and make sure that the proper parking stickers were attached to our cars and that all the relevant licenses and such were up to date. "They are coming for us tonight.", she warned.
I had lived in Singapore for several years and to this day, this is one of the seminal events during my stay there that truly opened my eyes to the facade of what Singapore's success story is all about. The Merlion had finally awakened, opened it's maw in anger and once again bared the razor sharp teeth of recrudescent facsism.
How does one describe what life is like in such a society? The constant paranoia and fear that permeate through the society. The fear that you might step out of line or that someone might overhear you talking and misinterpret what you say. Being completely stripped bare of your liberty and freedom.
Singapore is a beautiful place to visit, it is by far the one of the cleanest, greenest cities in the world. It has an abundance of things for tourists to do with excellent shopping and with an annual GDP that competes with the leading nations of the world. Singapore has become a very popular tourist destination in recent years, with a total of 8,328,118 visitor arrivals in the 2004 with 333,117 of those visitors coming from the United States. Singapore is a wonderful place to visit provided that you stay out of trouble. Very few visitors will ever be able to get a complete picture of Singapore in their short visits though, they will remain oblivious to the fact that sometimes appearances can be deceiving.
The CIA factbook seems to embellish and oversimplify Singapore's form of government by describing it as merely as a "parliamentary republic". The truth is that Singapore's government is nothing more than a new modern form of resurgent facsism specially designed for the 21st century that is perhaps best described as "statist authoritarianism".
I'm continuously intrigued at how so many liberals in the west seem to think of fascism as ideology of the far right, the truth is that the "new fascism" is in reality an ideology of the left, it is merely a form of statism with an authoritative government controlling and regulating all the entities of economic planning and policy. In my book if you regulate and control an entity's use then you might as well own it. Just like socialism or communism, statism requires the subjugation of individual liberties and free markets by the government. What many of America's democrats and liberals fail to recognize and see is that this authoritarianism ultimately crushes individuality and destroys all diversity and tolerance. Ironically the left's idea of a nanny state and a utopian society becomes nothing more really than a mirage.
Despite the mirage, America's Democrats (Socialists) and Western liberals who are perhaps enfeebled by their own inconsistancies continue to find themselves enamored with their envisioned utopian society. So dangerously seductive is this lure of a diverse, multicultural and tolerant society that despite being warned, much of America's left continues to find themselves hopelessly lured to it, like a moth to a flame. It is America's authoritarian left who would like nothing more than to see our own government become more "involved" in our lives and the livelihood of our citizens. Countries like Singapore with their government subsidized healthcare programs, low crime rates and economic success stories seem to cry out like a siren's call.
Lured by the the siren's song and unaware of the jagged rocks below, America's left and the Democrats, who have no idea really of where they are actually going, continue to recruit from the disgruntled masses of passengers by enticing them with an assortment of goodies aboard their rainbow-flagged vessel, the "Good Ship Lollipop" all the while promising to set sail for this elusive land of milk and honey when in reality they have found themselves hopelessly adrift in an endless sea of moral relativism.
For some, I suppose it is human nature to always think that the grass is greener on the other side of the fence. In recent years it would seem that many in America have truly forgotten the value of freedom and of liberty and seem more concerned with what tangible benefits they can receive.
America has always stood for liberty, freedom and democracy throughout the world. Many authoritative asian societies though in recent years have now rejected this model. They don't think that democracy and human rights are universal. They see them merely as parochial, self-serving Western notions. They don't even believe that capitalism has to lead to democracy, or that democracy is a desirable state of affairs. Many of the countries such as China hope to adopt the American economic model, while rejecting the political and social freedoms that underpin it. They see American liberties and permissiveness as the main factors leading to high crime rates and poor education. In fact, some Southeast Asian countries now argue that their model is actually superior to the culturally degenerate American one precisely because they reject these fundamental liberties.
It's been said that one never truly appreciates something until they have lost it. Im sure many reading this can imagine love being like that or one's wealth. Perhaps harder for many Americans to understand is the loss of freedom and liberty. Like many of you, growing up in America I had always taken my liberty and freedom for granted. I never truly understood what life would be like otherwise. I do now.
There was electricty in the air that night as Lee Kwan Yew spoke directly to the citizens of a disobedient district and nation-state. He was angry, you could hear it in his voice and there was going to be a price to pay. I was in the disobedient district of Bukit Panjang that night, and after Lee Kwan Yew spoke, my friend's old Chinese mother admonished us and urged us all to immediately go downstairs and make sure that the proper parking stickers were attached to our cars and that all the relevant licenses and such were up to date. "They are coming for us tonight.", she warned.
I had lived in Singapore for several years and to this day, this is one of the seminal events during my stay there that truly opened my eyes to the facade of what Singapore's success story is all about. The Merlion had finally awakened, opened it's maw in anger and once again bared the razor sharp teeth of recrudescent facsism.
How does one describe what life is like in such a society? The constant paranoia and fear that permeate through the society. The fear that you might step out of line or that someone might overhear you talking and misinterpret what you say. Being completely stripped bare of your liberty and freedom.
Singapore is a beautiful place to visit, it is by far the one of the cleanest, greenest cities in the world. It has an abundance of things for tourists to do with excellent shopping and with an annual GDP that competes with the leading nations of the world. Singapore has become a very popular tourist destination in recent years, with a total of 8,328,118 visitor arrivals in the 2004 with 333,117 of those visitors coming from the United States. Singapore is a wonderful place to visit provided that you stay out of trouble. Very few visitors will ever be able to get a complete picture of Singapore in their short visits though, they will remain oblivious to the fact that sometimes appearances can be deceiving.
The CIA factbook seems to embellish and oversimplify Singapore's form of government by describing it as merely as a "parliamentary republic". The truth is that Singapore's government is nothing more than a new modern form of resurgent facsism specially designed for the 21st century that is perhaps best described as "statist authoritarianism".
I'm continuously intrigued at how so many liberals in the west seem to think of fascism as ideology of the far right, the truth is that the "new fascism" is in reality an ideology of the left, it is merely a form of statism with an authoritative government controlling and regulating all the entities of economic planning and policy. In my book if you regulate and control an entity's use then you might as well own it. Just like socialism or communism, statism requires the subjugation of individual liberties and free markets by the government. What many of America's democrats and liberals fail to recognize and see is that this authoritarianism ultimately crushes individuality and destroys all diversity and tolerance. Ironically the left's idea of a nanny state and a utopian society becomes nothing more really than a mirage.
Despite the mirage, America's Democrats (Socialists) and Western liberals who are perhaps enfeebled by their own inconsistancies continue to find themselves enamored with their envisioned utopian society. So dangerously seductive is this lure of a diverse, multicultural and tolerant society that despite being warned, much of America's left continues to find themselves hopelessly lured to it, like a moth to a flame. It is America's authoritarian left who would like nothing more than to see our own government become more "involved" in our lives and the livelihood of our citizens. Countries like Singapore with their government subsidized healthcare programs, low crime rates and economic success stories seem to cry out like a siren's call.
Lured by the the siren's song and unaware of the jagged rocks below, America's left and the Democrats, who have no idea really of where they are actually going, continue to recruit from the disgruntled masses of passengers by enticing them with an assortment of goodies aboard their rainbow-flagged vessel, the "Good Ship Lollipop" all the while promising to set sail for this elusive land of milk and honey when in reality they have found themselves hopelessly adrift in an endless sea of moral relativism.
For some, I suppose it is human nature to always think that the grass is greener on the other side of the fence. In recent years it would seem that many in America have truly forgotten the value of freedom and of liberty and seem more concerned with what tangible benefits they can receive.
America has always stood for liberty, freedom and democracy throughout the world. Many authoritative asian societies though in recent years have now rejected this model. They don't think that democracy and human rights are universal. They see them merely as parochial, self-serving Western notions. They don't even believe that capitalism has to lead to democracy, or that democracy is a desirable state of affairs. Many of the countries such as China hope to adopt the American economic model, while rejecting the political and social freedoms that underpin it. They see American liberties and permissiveness as the main factors leading to high crime rates and poor education. In fact, some Southeast Asian countries now argue that their model is actually superior to the culturally degenerate American one precisely because they reject these fundamental liberties.
It's been said that one never truly appreciates something until they have lost it. Im sure many reading this can imagine love being like that or one's wealth. Perhaps harder for many Americans to understand is the loss of freedom and liberty. Like many of you, growing up in America I had always taken my liberty and freedom for granted. I never truly understood what life would be like otherwise. I do now.
"Islam Hadari" for Beginners
"Islam Hadari" for Beginners
An American Expat in Southeast Asia ^ | 17 December 2004 | LHM
Posted on 12/16/2004 10:25:23 AM PST by expatguy
I suppose the first thing you are wondering is "What exactly is Islam Hadari?" and why should I care. You might not have heard about it, because it is not being directed at you, but it is all the rage over here. It is the new and improved, progressive and politically correct version of Islam that the so-called moderates in Malaysia are attempting to sell to the fundamentalists here in their midst and abroad.
So how is the progress and how is it doing? Well if you listen to the Malaysian government, they will tell you that "Islam Hadari" is a big hit and is winning accolades on the world stage. You might have a little success selling this "new and improved version of Islam" to the non-muslim liberals in England and Germany but until you can sell it to even the so-called moderate muslims in your midst then you won't make much progress.
The problem basically boils down to the semantics. We are told that the concept of "Islam Hadari" (Civilisational Islam) means a more progressive Islam. Well, if the opposite of "extremist" Islam is "liberal" or "moderate" Islam then what would be the opposite of "progressive" Islam? Could we say "regressive" Islam?
The word "Islam" means submission. The doctrine of faith in Islam leaves little to no room for interpretation. One must believe in God and accept, believe and acknowledge that the Prophet Muhammad is the messenger of God and that the Quran is the word of God.
A devout follower of Islam must pray five times a day facing the holy city of Mecca, fast during the month of Ramadan, pay tithe, perform the pilgrimage if he is able to, and believe in the doctrine of Islam (there is only one God, Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger). These are the five pillars of faith in Islam.
It all boils down to a simple often overlooked fact, and that is there is no such thing as a progressive, moderate or extreme Islam. There is no middle ground, no gray areas in Islam. It is black and white. If you believe that there are then you might also believe that Christianity can condone homosexuality or that abortion is a woman's right to choose an still be a good, devout Christian.
An American Expat in Southeast Asia ^ | 17 December 2004 | LHM
Posted on 12/16/2004 10:25:23 AM PST by expatguy
I suppose the first thing you are wondering is "What exactly is Islam Hadari?" and why should I care. You might not have heard about it, because it is not being directed at you, but it is all the rage over here. It is the new and improved, progressive and politically correct version of Islam that the so-called moderates in Malaysia are attempting to sell to the fundamentalists here in their midst and abroad.
So how is the progress and how is it doing? Well if you listen to the Malaysian government, they will tell you that "Islam Hadari" is a big hit and is winning accolades on the world stage. You might have a little success selling this "new and improved version of Islam" to the non-muslim liberals in England and Germany but until you can sell it to even the so-called moderate muslims in your midst then you won't make much progress.
The problem basically boils down to the semantics. We are told that the concept of "Islam Hadari" (Civilisational Islam) means a more progressive Islam. Well, if the opposite of "extremist" Islam is "liberal" or "moderate" Islam then what would be the opposite of "progressive" Islam? Could we say "regressive" Islam?
The word "Islam" means submission. The doctrine of faith in Islam leaves little to no room for interpretation. One must believe in God and accept, believe and acknowledge that the Prophet Muhammad is the messenger of God and that the Quran is the word of God.
A devout follower of Islam must pray five times a day facing the holy city of Mecca, fast during the month of Ramadan, pay tithe, perform the pilgrimage if he is able to, and believe in the doctrine of Islam (there is only one God, Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger). These are the five pillars of faith in Islam.
It all boils down to a simple often overlooked fact, and that is there is no such thing as a progressive, moderate or extreme Islam. There is no middle ground, no gray areas in Islam. It is black and white. If you believe that there are then you might also believe that Christianity can condone homosexuality or that abortion is a woman's right to choose an still be a good, devout Christian.
Friday, June 03, 2005
工作为何不再美丽
恐怕历史上从来没有一个社会和一个时代,像今天的工业化社会那样,有如此大比例的人天天如此厌恶又惧怕自己的工作,并为事业前途担忧且无奈。大家身心受到巨大威胁,由早到晚日复一日为生存而挣扎:人人那份工作一般都没有保障(多数雇员都没有把握手上饭碗保得住多久);人人都为经济烦恼(即使手上有财产亦不易保值);人人都为健康担忧(生活压力巨大、作息秩序失衡、环境污染、人际关系疏离);工作逐渐失去意义,奋斗难以取得满足感,生命方向迷失,心灵空虚。
西方工业化比亚洲早几十年,对人“异化”状态的认识和治疗也早很多年...
...40年前,西方知识分子和专业人士有感于建制生活摧残人性、磨损心灵生命,纷纷跟社会主流价值观和制度一刀两断,躲进山林野外自耕自足,或搞另类简朴生活社区,或隐姓埋名做自己喜欢的事,就好像一台家电,将插头抽离电源,与主流文化相忘于江湖。
怀疑工作的意义令人沮丧。虽然工作不再美丽,无法痛快拔掉插头的多数人仍须为生存继续工作下去。冤有头债有主,可怕的是,在人人似乎身不由己的大体制里,我们甚至不知道是谁让我们的工作变得不再美丽:谁能够负责,谁又该反思?
摘自余云-工作为何不再美丽
西方工业化比亚洲早几十年,对人“异化”状态的认识和治疗也早很多年...
...40年前,西方知识分子和专业人士有感于建制生活摧残人性、磨损心灵生命,纷纷跟社会主流价值观和制度一刀两断,躲进山林野外自耕自足,或搞另类简朴生活社区,或隐姓埋名做自己喜欢的事,就好像一台家电,将插头抽离电源,与主流文化相忘于江湖。
怀疑工作的意义令人沮丧。虽然工作不再美丽,无法痛快拔掉插头的多数人仍须为生存继续工作下去。冤有头债有主,可怕的是,在人人似乎身不由己的大体制里,我们甚至不知道是谁让我们的工作变得不再美丽:谁能够负责,谁又该反思?
摘自余云-工作为何不再美丽
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